Okokuqala, i-OLT iyitheminali yomugqa obonakalayo, futhi i-ONU iyiyunithi yenethiwekhi yokubona (ONU).Zombili ziyimishini yokuxhuma inethiwekhi yokudlulisa amehlo.Kungamamojula amabili adingekayo ku-PON: I-PON (Inethiwekhi Yokungaboni ngaso linye: Inethiwekhi ye-Passive Optical).I-PON (inethiwekhi ye-passive optical network) isho ukuthi (inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-optical) ayinazo izinto zikagesi kanye nezinto zikagesi zikagesi.I-ODN yonke yenziwe ngamadivayisi angenzi lutho njengama-optical splitters (Splitter) futhi ayidingi okokusebenza kagesi okusebenzayo okumba eqolo.Inethiwekhi ye-passive optical ihlanganisa itheminali yomugqa wokubona (OLT) efakwe esiteshini sokulawula esimaphakathi, kanye nenqwaba yamayunithi wenethiwekhi yokubona ehambisanayo yeleveli yokuqala (ONUs) efakwe kusayithi lomsebenzisi.Inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa okubonakalayo (i-ODN) phakathi kwe-OLT ne-ONU iqukethe amafiber optical kanye nama-splitter optical angenasici noma ama-couplers.
Irutha (Irutha) iyithuluzi elixhuma kumanethiwekhi endawo ahlukahlukene kanye namanethiwekhi endawo abanzi ku-inthanethi.Ikhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi isethe imizila ngokwezimo zesiteshi, futhi ithumela amasignali ngendlela engcono kakhulu nangokuhleleka.Irutha iyisizinda se-inthanethi, “amaphoyisa omgwaqo.”Njengamanje, ama-routers asesetshenziswe kabanzi kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila, futhi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamabanga ahlukene isibe amandla amakhulu ekuboneni ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yomgogodla, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yomgogodla, kanye nenethiwekhi yomgogodla kanye nezinsizakalo zokuxhumanisa i-inthanethi.Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komzila nokushintsha ukuthi ukushintsha kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili yemodeli yereferensi ye-OSI (ungqimba lwesixhumanisi sedatha), kuyilapho umzila kwenzeka kusendlalelo sesithathu, isendlalelo senethiwekhi.Lo mehluko unquma ukuthi umzila neswishi zidinga ukusebenzisa ulwazi oluhlukile lokulawula ohlelweni lokuhambisa ulwazi, ngakho-ke izindlela ezimbili zokufeza imisebenzi yazo zihlukile.
Umzila (Umzila), owaziwa nangokuthi idivayisi yesango (Isango), isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi amaningi ahlukaniswe ngokunengqondo.Inethiwekhi ebizwa ngokuthi enengqondo imele inethiwekhi eyodwa noma i-subnet.Uma idatha idluliswa isuka kwenye i-subnet iye kwenye, ingenziwa ngomsebenzi womzila werutha.Ngakho-ke, i-router inomsebenzi wokwahlulela ikheli lenethiwekhi nokukhetha indlela ye-IP.Ingasungula ukuxhumana okuvumelana nezimo endaweni yokuxhumana yamanethiwekhi amaningi.Ingakwazi ukuxhuma ama-subnet ahlukahlukene ngamaphakethe edatha ahluke ngokuphelele nezindlela zokufinyelela imidiya.Irutha yamukela kuphela isiteshi somthombo noma Ulwazi lwamanye amarutha luhlobo lwemishini exhumene esendlaleloni senethiwekhi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-20-2021