Umehluko phakathi kwe-2.4GHz kanye ne-5GHz

Okokuqala, kufanele sikucacise ukuthi ukuxhumana kwe-5G akufani ne-5Ghz Wi-Fi esizokhuluma ngayo namuhla.Ukuxhumana kwe-5G empeleni kuyisifinyezo samanethiwekhi eselula e-5th Generation, okubhekiselwa kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwamaselula.Futhi i-5G yethu lapha ibhekisela ku-5GHz ezingeni le-WiFi, elibhekisela kusignali ye-WiFi esebenzisa ibhendi yefrikhwensi engu-5GHz ukudlulisa idatha.

Cishe wonke amadivaysi e-Wi-Fi emakethe manje asekela i-2.4 GHz, futhi amadivayisi angcono angasekela kokubili, okuyi-2.4 GHz kanye ne-5 GHz.Amarutha anjalo e-broadband abizwa ngokuthi amarutha ama-wireless ama-dual-band.

Ake sikhulume nge-2.4GHz kanye ne-5GHz kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ngezansi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi kunomlando weminyaka engu-20, kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala sika-802.11b kuya ku-802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n, kuze kufike ku-802.11ax (WiFi6).

I-Wi-Fi ejwayelekile

I-WiFi engenantambo isifinyezo nje.Empeleni ziyisethi engaphansi yezinga lenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo engu-802.11.Kusukela yazalwa ngo-1997, izinguqulo ezingaphezu kuka-35 zosayizi abahlukene ziye zathuthukiswa.Phakathi kwazo, i-802.11a/b/g/n/ac ithuthukiswe ezinye izinguqulo eziyisithupha ezivuthiwe.

IEEE 802.11a

I-IEEE 802.11a iyindinganiso ebuyekeziwe yezinga lokuqala elingu-802.11 futhi lavunyelwa ngo-1999. Izinga le-802.11a lisebenzisa iphrothokholi ewumongo efana neyokuqala.Imvamisa yokusebenza ingu-5GHz, kusetshenziswa ama-subcarriers angu-52 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, kanti izinga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwedatha eluhlaza ngu-54Mb/s, okufeza ukuphuma okumaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yangempela.(20Mb/s) izidingo.

Ngenxa yebhendi yefrikhwensi ye-2.4G eyandayo, ukusetshenziswa kwebhendi ye-5G kuwukuthuthuka okubalulekile kwe-802.11a.Nokho, kuletha nezinkinga.Ibanga lokudlulisela alilihle njenge-802.11b/g;ngokombono, amasiginali we-5G kulula ukuvinjwa futhi amuncwe izindonga, ngakho-ke ukumbozwa kwe-802.11a akukuhle njenge-801.11b.I-802.11a nayo ingaphazanyiswa, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi awekho amasignali amaningi okuphazamisa eduze, i-802.11a ivamise ukuba nokuphumayo okungcono.

IEEE 802.11b

I-IEEE 802.11b indinganiso yamanethiwekhi endawo angenantambo.Imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ingu-2.4GHz, engahlinzeka ngesivinini sokudlulisa okuningi sika-1, 2, 5.5 kanye no-11Mbit/s.Kwesinye isikhathi ibhalwe ngokungalungile njenge-Wi-Fi.Eqinisweni, i-Wi-Fi inguphawu lokuthengisa lwe-Wi-Fi Alliance.Lolu phawu luqinisekisa kuphela ukuthi izimpahla ezisebenzisa uphawu lokuhweba zingasebenzisana zodwa, futhi azihlanganise lutho nezinga ngokwalo.Ku-2.4-GHz ISM frequency band, kukhona isamba seziteshi eziyi-11 ezinomkhawulokudonsa ongu-22MHz, okungamabhendi agqagqene angu-11.Umlandeli we-IEEE 802.11b ngu-IEEE 802.11g.

IEEE 802.11g

I-IEEE 802.11g yaphasiswa ngoJulayi 2003. Imvamisa yenkampani yenethiwekhi ingu-2.4GHz (efana no-802.11b), isamba samabhendi amafrikhwensi angu-14, isivinini sokuqala sokudlulisela ngu-54Mbit/s, futhi isivinini sokudlulisa silinganiselwa ku-24.7Mbit/ s (kufana no-802.11a).Amadivayisi angu-802.11g aphansi ahambisana ne-802.11b.

Kamuva, abanye abakhiqizi bomzila ongenazintambo bathuthukisa izindinganiso ezintsha ezisuselwe kuzinga le-IEEE 802.11g ekuphenduleni izidingo zemakethe, futhi bakhuphula isivinini sokudluliswa kwethiyori ukuya ku-108Mbit/s noma ku-125Mbit/s.

IEEE 802.11n

I-IEEE 802.11n iyindinganiso eyakhiwe ngesisekelo sika-802.11-2007 yiqembu elisha elisebenzayo elakhiwe yi-IEEE ngoJanuwari 2004 futhi lavunywa ngokusemthethweni ngoSepthemba 2009. Izinga lengeza ukusekelwa kwe-MIMO, okuvumela umkhawulokudonsa ongenazintambo ongu-40MHz, kanye nethiyori. isivinini esiphezulu sokudlulisa ngu-600Mbit/s.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusebenzisa ikhodi ye-block-time block ehlongozwayo yi-Alamouti, izinga landisa ububanzi bokudluliswa kwedatha.

IEEE 802.11ac

I-IEEE 802.11ac iyindinganiso yokuxhumana yenethiwekhi yekhompyutha engenantambo engu-802.11, esebenzisa ibhendi yefrikhwensi engu-6GHz (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-5GHz frequency band) yokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo (WLAN).Ngokombono, ingahlinzeka okungenani ngomkhawulokudonsa ongu-1 we-Gigabit ngesekhondi yokuxhumana yenethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo yeziteshi eziningi (i-WLAN), noma okungenani ama-megabhithi angu-500 ngomzuzwana (500 Mbit/s) kumkhawulokudonsa owodwa wokudlulisa uxhumano.

Yamukela futhi yandise umqondo wesixhumi esibonakalayo somoya osuselwe ku-802.11n, okuhlanganisa: ububanzi be-RF bandwidth (kufika ku-160 MHz), imifudlana eminingi yendawo ye-MIMO (ekhuphuke yafinyelela ku-8), MU-MIMO , Nokwehliswa kwe-high-density (modulation, kufika ku-256QAM ).Kungaba umlandeli we-IEEE 802.11n.

IEEE 802.11ax

Ngo-2017, i-Broadcom yahola ekwethuleni i-chip ye-802.11ax wireless.Ngenxa yokuthi i-802.11ad yangaphambilini yayikubhendi yefrikhwensi engu-60GHZ, nakuba isivinini sokudlulisela sanyuswa, ukufakwa kwayo kwakulinganiselwe, futhi yaba ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo obusize u-802.11ac.Ngokusho kwephrojekthi esemthethweni ye-IEEE, i-Wi-Fi yesizukulwane sesithupha ezuza i-802.11ac ingu-802.11ax, futhi idivayisi yokwabelana esekelayo yethulwe kusukela ngo-2018.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-2.4GHz kanye ne-5GHz

Isizukulwane sokuqala sezinga lokudlulisa okungenantambo i-IEEE 802.11 sazalwa ngo-1997, ngakho-ke izinto eziningi zikagesi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-wireless frequency engu-2.4GHz, njengamahhavini ama-microwave, amadivaysi e-Bluetooth, njll., azophazamisa kancane noma kancane nge-2.4GHz Wi-FI, ngakho-ke Isignali iyathinteka ngokwezinga elithile, njengomgwaqo onezinqola ezidonswa ngamahhashi, amabhayisikili nezimoto ezigijima ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi isivinini sokugijima sezimoto sithinteka ngokwemvelo.

I-5GHz WiFi isebenzisa ibhendi yefrikhwensi ephezulu ukuletha ukuminyana kwesiteshi okuncane.Isebenzisa iziteshi ezingama-22 futhi ayiphazamisi enye nenye.Uma kuqhathaniswa namashaneli angu-3 we-2.4GHz, kunciphisa kakhulu ukuminyana kwesignali.Ngakho izinga lokudlulisa le-5GHz liyi-5GHz ngokushesha kune-2.4GHz.

Ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-5GHz Wi-Fi esebenzisa iphrothokholi yesizukulwane sesihlanu engu-802.11ac ingafinyelela isivinini sokudlulisela esingu-433Mbps ngaphansi komkhawulokudonsa ongu-80MHz, kanye nesivinini sokudlulisela esingu-866Mbps ngaphansi komkhawulokudonsa ongu-160MHz, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokudlulisela elingu-2.4GHz eliphakeme kakhulu izinga le-300Mbps selithuthukiswe kakhulu.

5GHz Okungavinjelwanga

Noma kunjalo, i-5GHz Wi-Fi nayo inokushiyeka.Ukushiyeka kwayo kusebangeni lokudlulisela kanye nekhono lokunqamula izithiyo.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-Wi-Fi iyigagasi kagesi, indlela yayo eyinhloko yokusabalalisa ukusakazwa komugqa oqondile.Uma ihlangabezana nezithiyo, izokhiqiza ukungena, ukucabangela, ukuhlukanisa nezinye izenzakalo.Phakathi kwabo, ukungena yiyona eyinhloko, futhi ingxenye encane yesignali izokwenzeka.Ukucabangisisa kanye nokwehluka.Izici ezingokomzimba zamaza omsakazo ziwukuthi lapho imvamisa yehlisa, ubude begagasi buyinde, ukulahlekelwa kuncane ngesikhathi sokusakazeka, kuyanda ukusabalala, futhi kuba lula ukudlula izithiyo;ukuphakama kwemvamisa, kuncane ukufakwa futhi kuba nzima kakhulu.Hamba uzungeze izithiyo.

Ngakho-ke, isignali ye-5G ene-frequency ephezulu kanye ne-wavelength emfushane inendawo encane yokumboza, futhi ikhono lokudlula izithiyo alilihle njenge-2.4GHz.

Mayelana nebanga lokudlulisela, i-2.4GHz Wi-Fi ingafinyelela ukumbozwa okuphezulu kwamamitha angama-70 ngaphakathi endlini, kanye nokumbozwa okuphezulu okungamamitha angama-250 ngaphandle.Futhi i-5GHz Wi-Fi ingafinyelela kuphela ukumbozwa okuphezulu kwamamitha angama-35 ngaphakathi endlini.

Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa ukuqhathaniswa kokufakwa kwe-Ekahau Site Survey phakathi kwamabhendi efrikhwensi angu-2.4 GHz kanye no-5 GHz womklami obonakalayo.Okuluhlaza okumnyama kakhulu kwezilingiso ezimbili kumele isivinini esingu-150 Mbps.Okubomvu ekufanisweni kwe-2.4 GHz kubonisa isivinini esingu-1 Mbps, futhi okubomvu ku-5 GHz kubonisa isivinini esingu-6 Mbps.Njengoba ubona, ukufakwa kwe-2.4 GHz APs kukhudlwana ngempela, kodwa isivinini emaphethelweni okufakwa kwe-5 GHz siyashesha.

I-5 GHz kanye no-2.4 GHz amafrikhwensi ahlukene, ngayinye enezinzuzo zamanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi, futhi lezi zinzuzo zingancika endleleni oyihlela ngayo inethiwekhi-ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ububanzi nezithiyo (izindonga, njll.) isignali engase idinge. ukukhava Ingabe kuningi kakhulu?

Uma udinga ukumboza indawo enkulu noma ube nokungena okuphezulu ezindongeni, i-2.4 GHz izoba ngcono.Nokho, ngaphandle kwale mikhawulo, i-5 GHz iyindlela esheshayo.Uma sihlanganisa okuhle nokubi kwalawa mabhendi amabili efrikhwensi futhi siwahlanganisa abe yinto eyodwa, ngokusebenzisa izindawo zokufinyelela ze-dual-band ekufakweni okungenantambo, singakwazi ukuphinda kabili umkhawulokudonsa okungenantambo, sinciphise umthelela wokuphazamiseka, futhi sijabulele i-Wi-Fi yonke nxazonke. -Fi inethiwekhi.