I-PON: Qonda i-OLT, i-ONU, i-ONT ne-ODN

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-fiber to the home (FTTH) isiqalile ukuba yigugu izinkampani zokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuvumelayo buthuthuka ngokushesha.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesistimu ezibalulekile zokuxhunywa kwe-broadband ye-FTTH.Lezi yi-Active Optical Network (AON) ne-Passive Optical Network (PON).Kuze kube manje, ukuthunyelwa okuningi kwe-FTTH ekuhleleni nasekusatshalalisweni kusebenzise i-PON ukuze konge izindleko zefayibha.I-PON isanda kuheha ukunaka ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi nokusebenza okuphezulu.Kulesi sihloko, sizokwethula i-ABC ye-PON, ehilela ikakhulukazi izingxenye eziyisisekelo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene be-OLT, ONT, ONU kanye ne-ODN.

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukwethula kafushane i-PON.Ngokuphambene ne-AON, amaklayenti amaningi axhunywe ku-transceiver eyodwa ngesihlahla segatsha se-fiber optical kanye namayunithi e-passive splitter/combiner, asebenza ngokuphelele kusizinda se-optical, futhi akukho ukunikezwa kwamandla ku-PON.Njengamanje kunamazinga amabili amakhulu e-PON: I-Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) ne-Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON).Kodwa-ke, akunandaba ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-PON, wonke ane-topology eyisisekelo efanayo.Isistimu yayo ivamise ukuba netheminali yolayini obonayo (OLT) ehhovisi elimaphakathi lomhlinzeki wesevisi kanye namayunithi amaningi enethiwekhi optical (ONU) noma amatheminali enethiwekhi optical (ONT) eduze nomsebenzisi wokugcina njengezihlukanisi ezibonakalayo.

Itheminali ye-Optical Line (OLT)

I-OLT ihlanganisa okokusebenza kokushintsha kwe-L2/L3 ohlelweni lwe-G/EPON.Ngokuvamile, imishini ye-OLT ihlanganisa i-rack, i-CSM (imodyuli yokulawula nokushintsha), i-ELM (imojula yesixhumanisi se-EPON, ikhadi le-PON), ukuvikelwa okungafuneki -48V DC imodyuli yokuhlinzeka amandla noma i-module ye-110 / 220V AC yokunikezela amandla kanye nefeni.Kulezi zingxenye, ikhadi le-PON kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kusekela ukushintshashintsha okushisayo, kuyilapho amanye amamojula akhelwe ngaphakathi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-OLT ukulawula ukudluliswa kolwazi lwezindlela ezimbili ku-ODN elisehhovisi eliphakathi.Ibanga eliphezulu elisekelwa ukudluliselwa kwe-ODN ngu-20 km.I-OLT inezikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili ezintantayo: phezulu komfula (ukuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha nethrafikhi yezwi kubasebenzisi) kanye nomfula (ukuthola idatha, ithrafikhi yezwi nevidiyo evela kumanethiwekhi we-metro noma amabanga amade, nokuyithumela kuwo wonke ama-ONT ku-Module yenethiwekhi) i-ODN.

I-Optical Network Unit (ONU)

I-ONU iguqula amasignali optical adluliselwa ngemicu yokubona abe amasignali kagesi.Lezi zimpawu zikagesi zibe sezithunyelwa kumsebenzisi ngamunye.Ngokuvamile, kuba nebanga noma enye inethiwekhi yokufinyelela phakathi kwe-ONU nendlu yomsebenzisi wokugcina.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ONU ingathumela, ihlanganise futhi ihlele izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha evela kumakhasimende, futhi iyithumele phezulu nomfula ku-OLT.Ukuhlela kuyinqubo yokuthuthukisa nokuhlela kabusha ukusakaza kwedatha, ukuze ilethwe ngokuphumelelayo.I-OLT isekela ukwabiwa komkhawulokudonsa, okuvumela idatha ukuthi idluliselwe ngokushelelayo ku-OLT, okuvamise ukuba umcimbi ongazelelwe ovela kukhasimende.I-ONU ingaxhunywa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nezinhlobo zamakhebula, njengezintambo zethusi ezimbili ezisontekile, intambo ye-coaxial, i-optical fiber noma i-Wi-Fi.

Itheminali ye-Optical Network (ONT)

Eqinisweni, i-ONT empeleni iyafana ne-ONU.I-ONT yitemu le-ITU-T, futhi i-ONU yitemu le-IEEE.Wonke abhekisela kumshini oseceleni komsebenzisi ohlelweni lwe-GEPON.Kodwa empeleni, ngokuya ngendawo ye-ONT ne-ONU, kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo.I-ONT ngokuvamile itholakala emagcekeni ekhasimende.

I-Optical Distribution Network (ODN)

I-ODN iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu ye-PON, ehlinzeka nge-optical transmission medium yokuxhumana ngokomzimba phakathi kwe-ONU ne-OLT.Ibanga lokufinyelela lingamakhilomitha angama-20 noma ngaphezulu.Ku-ODN, izintambo ezibonakalayo, izixhumi ezibonakalayo, izihlukanisi ze-passive optical kanye nezingxenye ezisizayo ziyasebenzisana.I-ODN ngokukhethekile inezingxenye ezinhlanu, okuyifiber ephakelayo, indawo yokusabalalisa i-optical, i-fibre yokusabalalisa, indawo yokufinyelela optical kanye ne-fiber engenayo.I-fiber feeder iqala kuhlaka lokusabalalisa okubonakalayo (ODF) egumbini lezokuxhumana lehhovisi elimaphakathi (CO) futhi igcine endaweni yokusabalalisa ukukhanya ukuze kufakwe ibanga elide.I-fiber yokusabalalisa kusukela endaweni yokusabalalisa optical kuya endaweni yokufinyelela ye-optical ihambisa i-fiber optical endaweni eseduze nayo.Ukwethulwa kwefiber optical kuxhuma indawo yokufinyelela optical kutheminali (ONT) ukuze i-optical fibre ingene ekhaya lomsebenzisi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ODN iyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokudluliswa kwedatha ye-PON, futhi ikhwalithi yayo ithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza, ukwethembeka kanye nokulinganisa kohlelo lwe-PON.