Indlela yokusebenzisa ukukhanya ukudlulisa ulwazi kungathiwa inomlando omude.
I-“Beacon Tower” yesimanje ivumele abantu ukuba bathole ukunethezeka kokudlulisa ulwazi ngokukhanya.Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokuxhumana ye-primitive optical ingemuva ngokuqhathaniswa, inqunyelwe ibanga lokudlulisela elibonakala ngeso lenyama, futhi ukwethembeka akuphezulu.Ngezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kokudluliswa kolwazi lwezenhlalo, ukuzalwa kokuxhumana kwesimanjemanje kuye kwakhuthazwa.
Qala ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuxhumana obubonakalayo
Ngo-1800, u-Alexander Graham Bell wasungula "ifoni yokubona."
Ngo-1966, iBritish-Chinese Gao Kun ihlongoze ithiyori yokudluliswa kwefiber optical, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi ukulahleka kwefiber optical kwakuphezulu njengo-1000dB/km.
Ngo-1970, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-quartz fiber kanye ne-semiconductor laser kwehlisa ukulahlekelwa kwefayibha ku-20dB/km, futhi ukuqina kwe-laser kuphezulu, ukwethembeka kunamandla.
Ngo-1976, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-fiber optical kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngo-0.47dB/km, okusho ukuthi ukulahlekelwa yi-transmission medium kwase kuxazululiwe, okukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kobuchwepheshe bokudlulisa amehlo.
Buyekeza umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi yokudlulisela
Inethiwekhi yokudlulisela isidlule iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane.Kafushane, ihlangabezane ne-PDH, SDH/MSTP,
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kwe-WDM/OTN kanye ne-PeOTN.
Isizukulwane sokuqala samanethiwekhi anezintambo ukuhlinzeka ngamasevisi ezwi amukele ubuchwepheshe be-PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy).
Isizukulwane sesibili sihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokufinyelela kuwebhu kanye nemigqa ezinikele ye-TDM, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-SD (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)/MSTP (Multi-Service Transport Platform).
Isizukulwane sesithathu saqala ukusekela ukuxhumana kwezinsizakalo zevidiyo nezikhungo zedatha, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing)/OTN (Optical Transmission Network, Optical Transmission Network).
Isizukulwane sesine siqinisekisa i-4K yevidiyo enencazelo ephezulu nolwazi oluyimfihlo lwekhwalithi, sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-PeOTN (Packet enhancedOTN, iphakethe elithuthukisiwe le-OTN).
Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwezizukulwane ezimbili zokuqala, ngezinsizakalo zezwi, ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi yewebhu kanye nezinsizakalo zomugqa wangasese we-TDM, ezimelwe ubuchwepheshe besistimu yedijithali ye-SDH/MSTP, isekela ukuxhumana okuningi okufana ne-Ethernet, ATM/IMA, njll., kanye ingaxhuma i-CBR/VBR ehlukile.Faka izinsiza kuzimele ze-SDH, hlukanisa ngokoqobo amapayipi aqinile, futhi ugxile kumasevisi anesivinini esiphansi kanye nezinhlayiyana ezincane
Ngemva kokungena esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane sesithathu, ngokukhula okusheshayo komthamo wesevisi yokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi izinsizakalo zokuxhumanisa isikhungo sevidiyo nedatha, umkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi uye washeshisa.Ubuchwepheshe be-optical layer obumelwe ubuchwepheshe be-WDM benza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi i-fiber eyodwa ithwale izinsiza ezengeziwe.Ikakhulukazi, ubuchwepheshe be-DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) buye basetshenziswa kabanzi kumanethiwekhi amakhulu okudlulisa ukusebenza kwasekhaya, ukuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokudlulisela.Indaba yebanga namandla omkhawulokudonsa.Uma ubheka isikali sokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi, i-80x100G isibe inkambiso emigqeni ye-trunk ede, futhi amanethiwekhi wendawo we-80x200G kanye namanethiwekhi ezindawo zedolobha elikhulu athuthuke ngokushesha.
Ngokuphathwa kwezinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe ezifana nevidiyo nemigqa ezinikele, inethiwekhi yezokuthutha eyisisekelo idinga ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kanye nobuhlakani.Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-OTN buvela kancane kancane.I-OTN iwuhlelo olusha sha lobuchwepheshe lokudlulisa amehlo oluchazwe yi-ITU-T G.872, G.798, G.709 nezinye izimiso.Ihlanganisa uhlaka lwesistimu oluphelele lwesendlalelo se-optical kanye nesendlalelo sikagesi, futhi inamanethiwekhi ahambisanayo ongqimba ngalunye.Indlela yokuqapha abaphathi kanye nendlela yokusinda kwenethiwekhi.Uma sibheka amathrendi amanje okwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yasekhaya, i-OTN isibe indinganiso yamanethiwekhi okudlulisa, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwamanethiwekhi endawo okusebenza kanye namanethiwekhi endawo yedolobha elikhulu.Ubuchwepheshe be-OTN obusekelwe ku-crossover layer kagesi kwamukelwa ngokuyisisekelo, futhi kusetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kokuhlukaniswa komugqa wegatsha., Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa kohlangothi lwenethiwekhi kanye nohlangothi lomugqa, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwenethiwekhi kanye nekhono lokuvula ngokushesha nokuphakela izinsizakalo.
Uguquko lwenethiwekhi yabathwali egxile ebhizinisini
Ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo koguquko lwedijithali kuyo yonke imikhakha yomnotho wezenhlalakahle kulethe ukuthuthukiswa okufanayo kwayo yonke imboni ye-ICT kanye nomnotho wedijithali, futhi kukhuthaze futhi kwabangela izinguquko ezijulile embonini.Ngokuthutheleka kwenani elikhulu lamabhizinisi amasha ezimbonini ezimile, izimboni zendabuko namamodeli asebenzayo namamodeli ebhizinisi ahlala akhiwa kabusha, okuhlanganisa: ezezimali, izindaba zikahulumeni, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, imfundo, izimboni neminye imikhakha.Ngokubhekana nesidingo esikhulayo sokuxhumana kwebhizinisi okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuhluka, ubuchwepheshe be-PeOTN kancane kancane sebuqale ukusetshenziswa kabanzi.
·Izendlalelo ze-L0 ne-L1 zihlinzeka ngamapayipi aqinile “aqinile” amelwe ubude begagasi obungu-λ kanye nesiteshi esincane se-ODUk.Umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu nokubambezeleka okuphansi kuyizinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko.
·Isendlalelo se-L2 singanikeza ipayipi “elithambile” eliguquguqukayo.I-bandwidth yepayipi ihambisana ngokugcwele nesevisi futhi ishintsha ngokushintsha kwethrafikhi yesevisi.Ukuvumelana nezimo kanye nesidingo kuyizinzuzo zako eziyinhloko.
Ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo ze-SDH/MSTP/MPLS-TP zokuphatha izinsizakalo zezinhlayiyana ezincane, ukwakha isixazululo senethiwekhi yezokuthutha i-L0 + L1 + L2, ukwakha ipulatifomu yokuthutha yezinsizakalo eziningi i-PeOTN, ukudala umthamo ophelele wokuthwala ngamakhono amaningi kunethiwekhi eyodwa.Ngo-2009, i-ITU-T yandisa amandla okudlulisela e-OTN ukuze isekele izinsiza ezihlukene futhi yafaka ngokusemthethweni i-PeOTN ezingeni.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, opharetha bomhlaba benze imizamo emakethe yomugqa ozimele webhizinisi likahulumeni.Abasebenzi abathathu abakhulu basekhaya bathuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yangasese yenkampani kahulumeni ye-OTN.Izinkampani zesifundazwe nazo zitshale imali eningi.Kuze kube manje, bangaphezu kuka-30 abaqhubi bezinkampani zesifundazwe abavule i-OTN.Inethiwekhi yangasese yekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi ikhiphe imikhiqizo yolayini yangasese enenani eliphezulu esekelwe ku-PeOTN, ukukhuthaza inethiwekhi yezokuthutha ebonakalayo isuka “kunethiwekhi yezinsiza eziyisisekelo” iye “kunethiwekhi yabathwali bebhizinisi.”
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-04-2021