Okokuqala, i-OLT yi-terminal ye-optical line, kwaye i-ONU yiyunithi yenethiwekhi ye-optical network (ONU).Zizo zombini izixhobo zonxibelelwano zothumelo lwenethiwekhi.Ziimodyuli ezimbini eziyimfuneko kwi-PON: I-PON (Inethiwekhi ye-Passive Optical: i-Passive Optical Network).I-PON (uthungelwano lwe-optical optical network) ithetha ukuba (uthungelwano losasazo lwamehlo) aluqulathanga naziphi na izixhobo zombane kunye nonikezelo lombane lombane.I-ODN yonke iqulunqwe zizixhobo zokwenziwa ezifana ne-optical splitters (Splitter) kwaye ayifuni izixhobo zombane ezisebenzayo ezibizayo.Inethiwekhi ye-passive optical network ibandakanya i-terminal optical line (OLT) efakwe kwisikhululo solawulo esiphakathi, kunye nebhetshi yenqanaba lokuqala leyunithi yeeyunithi ze-optical network (ONUs) ezifakwe kwindawo yomsebenzisi.Inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-optical (ODN) phakathi kwe-OLT kunye ne-ONU iqulethe iifibers ze-optical kunye ne-passive optical splitters okanye i-couplers.
Umzila (Umzila) sisixhobo esiqhagamshela kuthungelwano lweengingqi ezahlukeneyo kunye nothungelwano lwendawo ebanzi kwi-Intanethi.Ikhetha ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ibeke iindlela ngokwemiqathango yetshaneli, kwaye ithumela iimpawu ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo kunye nolandelelwano.I-router liziko le-Intanethi, "amapolisa endlela."Okwangoku, ii-routers zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kwaye iimveliso ezahlukahlukeneyo zamabanga ahlukeneyo ziye zaba yinto ephambili ekuqondeni uxhulumaniso lwangaphakathi lwe-backbone network, i-backbone network interconnections, kunye ne-backbone network kunye neenkonzo ze-intanethi.Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwendlela kunye nokutshintsha kukuba utshintsho lwenzeka kwinqanaba lesibini le-OSI imodeli yereferensi (idatha yekhonkco yedatha), ngelixa ukuhanjiswa kwenzeka kwinqanaba lesithathu, i-network layer.Lo mahluko unquma ukuba umzila kunye nokutshintsha kufuneka kusetyenziswe ulwazi oluhlukeneyo lolawulo kwinkqubo yokuhambisa ulwazi, ngoko ke iindlela ezimbini zokufezekisa imisebenzi yazo ziyahluka.
Umzila (Indlela), ekwaziwa njengesixhobo sesango (iGateway), isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iinethiwekhi ezininzi ezahlulwe ngokwengqiqo.Inethiwekhi ebizwa ngokuba yingqiqo imele inethiwekhi enye okanye i-subnet.Xa idatha ihanjiswa ukusuka kwi-subnet ukuya kwenye, inokwenziwa ngomsebenzi womzila we-router.Ngoko ke, i-router inomsebenzi wokugweba idilesi yenethiwekhi kunye nokukhetha indlela ye-IP.Inokuseka uqhagamshelo oluguquguqukayo kwindawo yonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi ezininzi.Iyakwazi ukudibanisa ii-subnets ezahlukeneyo kunye neepakethi zedatha ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kunye neendlela zokufikelela kwimidiya.I-router yamkela kuphela isikhululo somthombo okanye Ulwazi lwezinye ii-routers luhlobo lwezixhobo ezidibeneyo kwi-network layer.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-20-2021