(1) Ngokwenkangeleko, siyahlula phakathi kwezi zimbini
Ukutshintsha ngokuqhelekileyo kunamazibuko amaninzi kwaye kukhangeleka kunzima.
Izibuko ze-router zincinci kakhulu kwaye umthamo uncinci kakhulu.
Enyanisweni, umfanekiso osekunene awuyiyo i-router yangempela kodwa idibanisa umsebenzi we-router.Ukongeza kumsebenzi wokutshintsha (izibuko le-LAN lisetyenziswa njengezibuko lokutshintsha, i-WAN lizibuko elisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kuthungelwano lwangaphandle), kunye nezimbini I-eriyali yindawo yofikelelo engenazingcingo ye-AP (eqhelekile. ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-wifi yenethiwekhi yendawo engenazingcingo).
(2) Amanqanaba okusebenza awahlukeneyo:
Utshintshiselwano lwentsusa lwalusebenza kwi ** data umaleko wekhonkco le-OSI imodeli yoqhagamshelo lwenkqubo evulekileyo, ** olumaleko wesibini
I-router isebenza kuluhlu lwenethiwekhi yemodeli ye-OSI, eyindawo yesithathu
Ngenxa yoko, umgaqo wokutshintsha ulula.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iisekethe ze-hardware zisetyenziselwa ukuqonda ukuthunyelwa kwezakhelo zedatha.
I-router isebenza kwi-network layer kunye namagxa umsebenzi obalulekileyo wonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi.Ukuphumeza iiprothokholi ezintsonkothileyo kwaye ube nemisebenzi ekrelekrele yokudlulisa izigqibo, ngokuqhelekileyo iqhuba inkqubo yokusebenza kwi-router ukuphumeza i-algorithms yomzila onzima, kwaye ithambekele ngakumbi ekuphunyezweni kwesoftware.Umsebenzi wayo.
(3) Izinto zokuthunyelwa kwedatha zahlukile:
Ukutshintshela phambili izakhelo zedatha ngokusekelwe kwidilesi ye-MAC
I-router idlulisela phambili IP datagrams / iipakethi ezisekelwe kwidilesi ye-IP.
Isakhelo sedatha sifaka i-header yefreyimu (umthombo we-MAC kunye nendawo yokuya kuyo i-MAC, njl.) kunye nomsila wesakhelo (i-CRC ihlole. Ikhowudi) ngokusekelwe kwiipakethi zedatha ye-IP / iipakethi.Ngokuphathelele idilesi ye-MAC kunye nedilesi ye-IP, usenokungaqondi ukuba kutheni kufuneka iidilesi ezimbini.Ngapha koko, idilesi ye-IP imisela ipakethe yokugqibela yedatha ukufikelela kumamkeli othile, kwaye idilesi ye-MAC imisela ukuba yeyiphi i-hop elandelayo eza kusebenzisana nayo.Isixhobo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-router okanye i-host host).Ngaphezu koko, idilesi ye-IP ibonwa ngesoftware, enokuthi ichaze inethiwekhi apho i-host host ikhona, kwaye idilesi ye-MAC ifunyenwe nge-hardware.Ikhadi ngalinye lomnatha liya kuqinisa idilesi ye-MAC yehlabathi kuphela kwi-ROM yekhadi lenethiwekhi xa ishiya i-factory, ngoko ke idilesi ye-MAC ayikwazi Ukuguqulwa, kodwa idilesi ye-IP inokulungiswa kwaye iguqulwe ngumlawuli wenethiwekhi.
(4) “Ukwahlulwa kwabasebenzi” kwahlukile
Utshintsho lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwakha inethiwekhi yendawo yendawo, kwaye i-router inoxanduva lokuqhagamshela umamkeli kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle.Iinginginya ezininzi zinokuqhagamshelwa kwiswitshi ngentambo yenethiwekhi.Ngeli xesha, i-LAN isekiwe, kwaye idatha ingathunyelwa kwezinye iinginginya kwi-LAN.Umzekelo, isoftware yeLAN efana neFeiqiu sisebenzisa idatha yokuya phambili kwezinye iinginginya ngotshintsho.Nangona kunjalo, i-LAN esekwe ngumtshintshi ayikwazi ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle (oko kukuthi, i-Intanethi).Ngeli xesha, i-router iyafuneka "ukusivulela umnyango wehlabathi elimangalisayo ngaphandle" kuthi.Yonke imikhosi kwi-LAN isebenzisa i-IP yenethiwekhi yabucala, ngoko ke kufuneka Inethiwekhi yangaphandle inokufumaneka kuphela emva kokuba i-router iguqulwe ibe yi-IP yenethiwekhi yoluntu.
(5) Ummandla wongquzulwano kunye nommandla wosasazo
Umtshintshi wahlula i-domain yengxabano, kodwa ayihluli i-domain yokusasazwa, ngelixa i-router ihlula i-domain yokusasazwa.Amacandelo othungelwano oludityaniswe lutshintsho asengowesizinda esifanayo sosasazo, kwaye iipakethi zedatha yosasazo ziya kuhanjiswa kuwo onke amacandelo enethiwekhi aqhagamshelwe lutshintsho.Kule meko, iya kubangela izaqhwithi zosasazo kunye nobuthathaka bokhuseleko.Inxalenye yenethiwekhi exhunywe kwi-router iya kunikwa i-domain yokusasazwa engafikelelekiyo, kwaye i-router ayiyi kudlulisa idatha yokusasazwa.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ipakethe yedatha ye-unicast iya kuthunyelwa ngokukodwa kwi-target host ngokutshintshela kwinethiwekhi yendawo yendawo, kunye nabanye ababuki zindwendwe abayi kufumana idatha.Oku kwahlukile kwi-hub yokuqala.Ixesha lokufika kwedatha lichongwa ngumlinganiselo wokuthumela ukutshintshwa.Ukutshintsha kuya kuthumela idatha yosasazo kuzo zonke iinginginya kwi-LAN.
Into yokugqibela ekufuneka uyiqaphele kukuba iirotha ngokubanzi zinomsebenzi wefirewall, enokukhetha ukucoca iipakethi zedatha yenethiwekhi.Ezinye ii-router ngoku zinomsebenzi wokutshintsha (njengoko kubonisiwe ngakwesokudla kumzobo ongentla), kwaye ezinye iitshintshi zinomsebenzi we-router, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Layer 3 switches kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Ngokuthelekisa, ii-routers zinemisebenzi enamandla ngaphezu kokutshintsha, kodwa zihamba kancinci kwaye ziyabiza.Iiswitshi zomaleko wesi-3 zinesakhono sokudlulisa umgca kumgca wokutshintsha kunye nemisebenzi emihle yomzila weerotha, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-26-2021