Farqiga u dhexeeya OLT, ONU, router iyo beddelka

Marka hore, OLT waa marinka khadka indhaha, iyo ONU waa unugga shabakadda indhaha (ONU).Labaduba waa qalabka isku xirka shabakada gudbinta indhaha.Waa labada qaybood ee lagama maarmaanka ah ee PON: PON (Passive Optical Network: Passive Optical Network).PON (Passive Optical Network) macneheedu waa in (shabakadda qaybinta indhaha) aysan ku jirin wax qalab elektaroonik ah iyo sahay koronto oo elektaroonig ah.ODN waxa ay ka kooban tahay aalado dadban sida kuwa kala qaybiya indhaha (Splitter) oo uma baahna qalab elektaroonik ah oo firfircoon oo qaali ah.Shabakadda indhaha ee dadban waxaa ku jira teerminalka khadka indhaha (OLT) oo lagu rakibay xarunta dhexe ee kantaroolka, iyo dufcaddii heerka koowaad ee unugyada isku xidhka indhaha ee ku habboon (ONUs) oo lagu rakibay goobta isticmaalaha.Shabakadda qaybinta indhaha (ODN) ee u dhaxaysa OLT iyo ONU waxay ka kooban tahay fiilooyinka indhaha iyo kala qaybinta indhaha ama lammaaneyaasha.

Router (Router) waa qalab ku xidha shabakadaha deegaanka ee kala duwan iyo shabakadaha aagga balaadhan ee internetka.Waxay si toos ah u doorataa oo dejisaa dariiqyada iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha kanaalka, waxayna u dirtaa calaamadaha jidka ugu fiican iyo nidaamka.Router-ku waa xudunta internetka, "Booliska waddooyinka."Waqtigan xaadirka ah, router-yada si weyn ayaa loo adeegsadaa dhammaan qaybaha nolosha, alaabooyin kala duwan oo heerar kala duwan leh ayaa noqday xoogga ugu muhiimsan ee xaqiijinta isku xirka shabakadaha laf-dhabarka ee kala duwan, isku xirka shabakadaha laf-dhabarka, shabakada laf-dhabarka iyo adeegyada isku xirka internetka.Farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya dariiqa iyo furayaasha ayaa ah in furayaasha ay ka dhacaan lakabka labaad ee moodeelka tixraaca OSI (lakabka xogta xogta), halka marintu ay ka dhacdo lakabka saddexaad, lakabka shabakadda.Farqigani wuxuu go'aamiyaa in marin-hawleedka iyo furaha ay u baahan yihiin inay isticmaalaan macluumaadka xakamaynta kala duwan habka gudbinta macluumaadka, markaa labada siyaabood ee lagu gaari karo hawlahooda ayaa kala duwan.

Router (Router), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan aaladda gateway (Gateway), ayaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu xidho shabakado kala duwan oo macquul ah.Shabakadda macquulka ah ee loogu yeero waxay ka dhigan tahay hal shabakad ama shabakad hoose.Marka xogta laga soo gudbiyo hal subnet ilaa mid kale, waxaa lagu samayn karaa iyada oo loo marayo shaqada dariiqa ee router.Sidaa darteed, router-ku wuxuu leeyahay shaqada uu ku xukumayo cinwaanka shabakadda iyo xulashada waddada IP-ga.Waxay samayn kartaa isku-xiryo dabacsan jawi isku-xirnaan badan oo shabakadeed.Waxay ku xidhi kartaa shabakado-hoosaadyo kala duwan oo leh baakado xog oo dhammaystiran oo kala duwan iyo hababka gelitaanka warbaahinta.Router-ku kaliya waxa uu aqbalaa saldhigga isha ama macluumaadka router-yada kale waa nooc ka mid ah qalabka isku xiran ee lakabka shabakada.