Maererano nemashoko akakodzera, chikamu chepasi rose FTTH / FTTP / FTTB vashandisi vebhendi ichasvika 59% muna 2025. Data yakapiwa nekambani yekutsvakurudza kwemusika Point Topic inoratidza kuti iyi nzira yekusimudzira ichava 11% yakakwirira kudarika ikozvino.
Point Topic inofanotaura kuti kuchava ne 1.2 bhiriyoni fixed Broadband vashandisi pasi rose pakupera kwa2025. Mumakore maviri ekutanga, nhamba yese yevashandisi vebroadband yepasi rose yakapfuura bhiriyoni imwe.
Inenge 89% yevashandisi ava vari mumisika yepamusoro makumi matatu pasi rese.Mumisika iyi, FTTH uye matekinoroji ane hukama achanyanya kutora chikamu chemusika kubva kuxDSL, uye iyo xDSL musika mugove uchadonha kubva pa19% kusvika 9% panguva yekufanotaura.Kunyangwe huwandu hwese hwevashandisi vefiber kuchivakwa (FTTC) uye VDSL uye DOCSIS-based hybrid fiber/coaxial tambo (HFC) inofanirwa kukwira panguva yekufanotaura, chikamu chemusika chicharamba chakagadzikana.Pakati pavo, FTTC ichaverengera ingangoita gumi nembiri muzana yehuwandu hwese hwekubatanidza, uye HFC ichaita gumi nemaviri%.
Kubuda kwe5G kunofanirwa kurambidza yakagadziriswa Broadband application panguva yekufanotaura.Pamberi pe5G yanyatsoiswa, hazvisati zvaita kufanotaura kuti yakawanda sei iyo musika ichakanganiswa.
Ichi chinyorwa chichafananidza Passive Optical Network (PON) yekuwana tekinoroji uye Active Optical Network (AON) yekuwana tekinoroji zvinoenderana nehunhu hwevagari venzvimbo dzekugara munyika yangu, uye kuongorora zvakanakira nekuipira kwekushandiswa kwayo munharaunda dzinogara kuChina., Nekujekesa matambudziko akati wandei akatanhamara mukushandiswa kweFTTH kuwana tekinoroji mumatunhu anogara munyika yangu, hurukuro pfupi pamusoro pemazano akakodzera enyika yangu ekugadzira tekinoroji yekushandisa yeFTTH.
1. Hunhu hwemusika wangu weFTTH wemusika
Parizvino, musika mukuru unotariswa weFTTH muChina hapana mubvunzo kuti vagari venzvimbo dzekugara mumaguta makuru, epakati uye madiki.Nharaunda dzinogara mumaguta dzinowanzova nharaunda dzekugara dzegadheni.Mamiriro avo akatanhamara ndeaya: high density yedzimba.Nzvimbo dzekugara dzegadheni rimwechete kazhinji dzine vagari ve500-3000, uye vamwe vanotova Makumi ezviuru edzimba;nharaunda dzekugara (kusanganisira zvivakwa zvekutengesa) dzinowanzo kuve nemakamuri emidziyo yekutaurirana kuitira kuisirwa midziyo yekufambisa yekutaurirana uye mitsetse yekupa mitsara munharaunda yese.Kugadziridzwa uku kunodiwa kuti vafambisi venharembozha vakwikwidze mumwe nemumwe uye vabatanidze masevhisi akawanda enharembozha.Nhambwe kubva kukamuri yekombuta kuenda kumushandisi kazhinji isingasviki 1km;makuru makuru enharembozha uye tambo dzeTV vanoshanda kazhinji vakaisa zvidiki zvepakati (kazhinji 4 kusvika 12 cores) tambo dzemaziso kumakamuri emakomputa edzimba dzekugara kana zvivakwa zvekutengesa;kutaurirana kwekugara uye kuwanikwa kweCATV munharaunda Cable zviwanikwa ndezvemunhu wese anoshanda.Chimwe chimiro chemusika wangu weFTTH wakanangana nemusika kuvepo kwezvipingamupinyi zveindasitiri mukupihwa kwenharembozha masevhisi: vafambisi venhare havabvumidzwe kushandisa masevhisi eCATV, uye chimiro ichi hachigone kuchinjwa kwenguva yakati rebei mune ramangwana.
2. Sarudzo yeFTTH Access Technology munyika yangu
1) Matambudziko akatarisana nepassive optical network (PON) muFTTH application munyika yangu.
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza chimiro chetiweki uye kugovera kweakanaka passive optical network (Passive Optical Network-PON).Mamiriro ayo makuru ndeaya: optical line terminal (Optical Line Terminal-OLT) inoiswa mukamuri repakati rekombuta yenharembozha, uye passive optical splitters inoiswa (Splitter).) Sepedyo sezvinobvira kune optical network unit (Optical Network Unit——ONU) padivi remushandisi.Chinhambwe chiri pakati peOLT neONU chakaenzana nechinhambwe chiri pakati pekamuri yekombuta yemutairi wefoni nemushandisi, yakafanana neyenguva ino yakatarwa yekusvika parunhare kureba, iyo inowanzoita makiromita akati wandei, uye Splitter inowanzoita makumi emamita kuenda. mazana emamita kubva paONU.Ichi chimiro uye marongerwo ePON anoratidza zvakanakira zvePON: iyo network yese kubva kukamuri yepakati komputa kusvika kumushandisi ndeye passive network;huwandu hukuru hwefiber optic cable zviwanikwa kubva mukamuri yepakati komputa kusvika kumushandisi inochengetwa;nokuti iri imwe-kune-vakawanda, nhamba yemidziyo iri mukamuri yekombiyuta yepakati yakaderedzwa uye Scale, kuderedza nhamba ye wiring muimba yekombiyuta yepakati.
Iyo yakanakira marongero eiyo passive optical network (PON) munzvimbo yekugara: OLT inoiswa mukamuri yepakati komputa ye telecom opareta.Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekuti Splitter iri padyo nemushandisi sezvinobvira, iyo Splitter inoiswa mubhokisi rekugovera pasi.Zviripachena, iyi yakanaka dhizaini inogona kuburitsa mabhenefiti ePON, asi zvinozounza matambudziko anotevera: Chekutanga, tambo yepamusoro-core fiber optic inodiwa kubva mukamuri repakati pakombuta kuenda kunzvimbo yekugara, senge 3000 dzimba dzekugara. , yakaverengerwa pachiyero chebazi che1:16, Inenge 200-core optical fiber cable inodiwa, asi ikozvino chete 4-12 cores, zvakaoma zvikuru kuwedzera kuiswa kwetambo ye optical;chechipiri, vashandisi havagone kusarudza vakasununguka mutyairi, vanogona kungosarudza sevhisi inopihwa neamwechete telecom opareta, uye hazvidziviriki kuti mumwechete opareta anotonga Mamiriro ezvinhu ebhizinesi haakodzeri kukwikwidza kwevashandisi vakawanda, uye zvido zvevashandisi hazvigoneke. kudzivirirwa zvinobudirira.Chechitatu, iyo passive optical distributors yakaiswa mufloor distribution box ichaita kuti nzvimbo dzekugovera dzipararire zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kugoverwa kwakaoma zvikuru, kugadzirisa uye kutarisira.Zvinenge zvisingaite;chechina, hazvibviri kuvandudza kushandiswa kwemichina yetiweki uye zviteshi zvayo zvekusvika, nokuti mukati mekuvhara kwePON imwe chete, kushandiswa kwevashandi kwakaoma kuwana 100%.
Iyo chaiyo marongero eiyo passive optical network (PON) munzvimbo yekugara: OLT uye Splitter ese akaiswa mukamuri rekombuta renzvimbo yekugara.Zvakanakira iyi yechokwadi marongero ndeiyi: chete yakaderera-core fiber optic tambo dzinodiwa kubva pakati pekombuta kamuri kuenda kunzvimbo yekugara, uye iripo optical cable zviwanikwa zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa;mitsara yekuwana yenzvimbo yese yekugara yakasungirirwa mukamuri yekombuta yenzvimbo yekugara, ichibvumira vashandisi kusarudza vakasununguka vafambisi venhare dzakasiyana.Kune vanofambisa telecom, network iri nyore kwazvo kugovera, kuchengetedza uye kubata;nekuti michina yekuwana nemapatch panels ari mukamuri imwe chete yesero, pasina mubvunzo ichavandudza mashandisirwo echiteshi chemidziyo, uye michina yekuwana inogona kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwenhamba yevashandisi vekushandisa..Nekudaro, iyi yechokwadi dhizaini inewo zvikanganiso zvayo zviri pachena: Chekutanga, iyo network chimiro chekurasa PON ndiyo yakakura mukana wepassive network, uye yepakati komputa kamuri kune mushandisi network ichiri inoshanda network;chechipiri, haichengetedze fiber optic cable zviwanikwa nekuda kwePON;, PON michina ine mutengo wakakwira uye yakaoma network chimiro.
Muchidimbu, PON ine mativi maviri anopokana mukushandiswa kweFTTH kwenzvimbo dzekugara: Zvinoenderana neyakanakira network dhizaini uye marongerwo ePON, inogona kupa mutambo kune zvayakanakira zvayakanakira: network yese kubva pakati komputa mukamuri kusvika kumushandisi passive network, iyo inochengetedza yakawanda yepakati komputa kamuri Kune mushandisi fiber optic cable zviwanikwa, huwandu uye chiyero chemidziyo iri mukamuri yepakati komputa inorerutswa;zvisinei, iyo inounzawo zvinenge zvisingagamuchirwi kukanganisa: kuwedzera kukuru kwekuisa fiber optic cable mitsara inodiwa;nzvimbo dzekugovera dzakapararira, uye kugoverwa kwenhamba, kuchengetedza uye kutungamira kwakaoma zvakanyanya;vashandisi havagone kusarudza vakasununguka MaOperators haakodzeri kumakwikwi e-multi-operator, uye zvinofarirwa nevashandisi hazvigone kuvimbiswa zvinobudirira;mashandisirwo emidziyo yetiweki uye zviteshi zvekusvika kwayo zvakaderera.Kana iyo chaiyo marongero eiyo passive optical network (PON) mukota yekugara yakagamuchirwa, iyo iripo optical cable zviwanikwa zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa.Imba yekombuta yenharaunda ine waya wakaenzana, zviri nyore kugovera, kuchengetedza uye kubata nhamba.Vashandisi vanogona kusarudza vakasununguka mushandisi, izvo zvinonyanya kunatsiridza Equipment port utilization, asi panguva imwe cheteyo vakarasa mabhenefiti maviri makuru ePON senge network yepasi uye kuchengetedza fiber optic tambo zviwanikwa.Parizvino, inofanirwawo kutsungirira zvipingamupinyi zvemutengo wakakwira wePON wemidziyo uye yakaoma network chimiro.
2) Sarudzo yeFTTH yekuwana tekinoroji yenharaunda dzekugara munyika yangu-Point-to-point (P2P) tekinoroji yekuwana yeActive Optical Network (AON) munzvimbo dzekugara.
Zviripachena, mabhenefiti ePON anonyangarika munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu vakawanda.Sezvo tekinoroji yazvino yePON isati yanyanya kukura uye mutengo wemidziyo unoramba wakakwira, isu tinotenda kuti zvine sainzi uye zvinogoneka kusarudza tekinoroji yeAON yekuwana FTTH, nekuti:
-Makamera ekombuta anogaroiswa munharaunda;
-AON's P2P tekinoroji yakakura uye yakaderera-mutengo.Inogona kupa zviri nyore 100M kana 1G bandwidth uye kuona isina musono chinongedzo nemakombuta aripo;
-Hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera kuiswa kwetambo dze optical kubva kukamuri yemuchina wepakati kuenda kunzvimbo yekugara;
－－ Yakareruka network chimiro, yakaderera kuvaka uye kushanda uye kugadzirisa mutengo;
-Centralized wiring muimba yekombuta yenharaunda, nyore kugovera nhamba, kuchengetedza uye kubata;
-Bvumira vashandisi kuti vasarudze vakasununguka vashandisi, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukwikwidza kwevashandisi vakawanda, uye zvido zvevashandisi zvinogona kuchengetedzwa zvinobudirira kuburikidza nemakwikwi;
--Chiyero chekushandisa chiteshi chemidziyo chakakwira zvakanyanya, uye huwandu hunogona kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevashandisi vekuwana.
Yakajairika AON-yakavakirwa FTTH network chimiro.Iyo iripo yakaderera-core fiber optic tambo inoshandiswa kubva munhare yepakati komputa yemukamuri kuenda kukamuri yekombuta yenharaunda.Iyo switching system inoiswa mukamuri yekombuta yenharaunda, uye iyo point-to-point (P2P) networking mode inotorwa kubva munharaunda komputa mukamuri kuenda kune mushandisi terminal.Midziyo inopinda uye mapaneru anoiswa zvakafanana mukamuri yekombuta yenharaunda, uye network yese inotora iyo Ethernet protocol ine yakakura tekinoroji uye yakaderera mutengo.AON's point-to-point FTTH network parizvino ndiyo FTTH yekuwana tekinoroji inowanzoshandiswa muJapan neUnited States.Pakati peazvino 5 miriyoni vashandisi veFTTH munyika, vanopfuura 95% vanoshandisa inoshanda switching P2P tekinoroji.Zvakanakira zvaro ndezvi:
－－Yakakwirira bandwidth: nyore kuona yakagadzikana-nzira mbiri 100M Broadband kuwana;
-Iyo inogona kutsigira Internet Broadband kuwana, CATV kuwana uye runhare kuwana, uye kuona kubatanidzwa matatu network mune yekuwana network;
－－Tsigira bhizinesi idzva rinoonekwa mune ramangwana: videophone, VOD, digital cinema, hofisi iri kure, kuratidzwa kwepamhepo, dzidzo yeTV, kurapwa kure, kuchengetedza data uye backup, nezvimwewo;
-Simple network chimiro, tekinoroji yakakura uye mutengo wakaderera wekuwana;
－－Imba yekombuta chete munharaunda ndiyo inobata node.Kuisa pakati wiring yekamuri yekombuta kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo emidziyo zviteshi;
-Bvumira vashandisi kuti vasarudze vakasununguka vashandisi, izvo zvinobatsira kumakwikwi pakati pevanofambisa telecom;
-Nechekuita chengetedza iyo fiber optic tambo zviwanikwa kubva mukamuri yepakati komputa kuenda kunharaunda, uye hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera kuiswa kwefiber optic tambo kubva kukamuri yepakati komputa kuenda kunharaunda.
Isu tinotenda kuti zvine sainzi uye zvinogoneka kusarudza tekinoroji yeAON yekuwana FTTH, nekuda kwekusagadzikana mukuvandudzwa kwePON zviyero uye matekinoroji:
-Iyo chiyero ichangobva kuoneka, ine akawanda mavhezheni (EPON & GPON), uye kukwikwidza kwezviyero hakuna chokwadi chekusimudzira mune ramangwana.
- Zvishandiso zvinoenderana zvinoda 3-5 makore ekumira uye kukura.Zvichave zvakaoma kukwikwidza neazvino Ethernet P2P zvishandiso maererano nemutengo uye mukurumbira mumakore anotevera 3-5.
-PON optoelectronic madivayiri anodhura: yakakwirira-simba, yakakwirira-yekukurumidza kuputika kutumira uye kugamuchira;ikozvino optoelectronic zvishandiso zviri kure nekukwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekugadzira inodhura-mutengo PON masisitimu.
-Parizvino, mutengo wepakati wekutengesa weEPON midziyo yekunze ndeye 1,000-1,500 US madhora.
3. Chenjerera kune njodzi dzeFTTH tekinoroji uye dzivisa kukumbira upofu rutsigiro rwekuwana-sevhisi yakazara
Vazhinji vashandisi vanoda FTTH kutsigira masevhisi ese, uye panguva imwe chete kutsigira Broadband Internet kuwana, tambo terevhizheni (CATV) kuwana uye yechinyakare yakatarwa runhare kuwana, ndiko kuti, katatu kutamba kutamba, vachitarisira kuwana FTTH yekuwana tekinoroji mune imwe nhanho.Isu tinotenda kuti zvakanaka kukwanisa kutsigira kuwanika kwebroadband Internet, kuwana terevhizheni (CATV) kushoma uye kuwana nharembozha yakajairwa, asi chokwadi kune njodzi huru dzehunyanzvi.
Parizvino, pakati pemamiriyoni mashanu evashandisi veFTTH munyika, anopfuura 97% yeFTTH yekuwana network inopa chete Internet Broadband kuwana masevhisi, nekuti mutengo weFTTH kupa runhare rwechinyakare rwakanyanya kudarika mutengo weiyo iripo yakatarwa tekinoroji yefoni, uye kushandiswa kwefiber optical kuendesa tsika dzakagadziriswa Runhare zvakare ine dambudziko remagetsi efoni.Kunyangwe AON, EPON neGPON zvese zvinotsigira katatu kutamba kwekutamba.Zvakadaro, zviyero zveEPON neGPON zvichangoburitswa, uye zvichatora nguva kuti tekinoroji ikure.Makwikwi ari pakati peEPON neGPON uye kukwidziridzwa kweaya maitiro maviri aya zvakare hakuna chokwadi, uye nzvimbo yayo-kune-multipoint passive network haina kuenderana neChina yakakwira density.Zvikumbiro zvenzvimbo yekugara.Uyezve, EPON neGPON zvine chekuita nemichina inoda angangoita makore mashanu ekumira uye kukura.Mumakore mashanu anotevera, zvichange zvakaoma kukwikwidza neazvino Ethernet P2P zvishandiso maererano nemutengo uye mukurumbira.Parizvino, opto zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviri kure nekukwanisa kuzadzisa yakaderera kugadzirwa zvinodiwa.Mutengo PON system zvinodiwa.Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kusaona kwekutsvaga kweFTTH yakazara-sevhisi yekuwana uchishandisa EPON kana GPON panguva ino kuchaunza njodzi huru dzehunyanzvi.
Pane network yekuwana, itsika isingadzivisike yefiber optical kutsiva tambo dzakasiyana dzemhangura.Nekudaro, optical fiber ichatsiva zvachose tambo dzemhangura husiku.Hazvigoneki uye hazvifungidzike kuti masevhisi ese anowanikwa kuburikidza neoptical fibers.Chero kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kushanda zvishoma nezvishoma, uye FTTH haina mutsauko.Nokudaro, mukugadzirwa kwekutanga uye kukurudzirwa kweFTTH, kugarisana kwe optical fiber uye copper cable hazvidzivisiki.Kugarisana kwefiber optical uye tambo yemhangura kunogona kugonesa vashandisi nevashandisi venhare kuti vadzivise njodzi dzehunyanzvi dzeFTTH.Chekutanga pane zvese, tekinoroji yekuwana yeAON inogona kushandiswa padanho rekutanga kuwana FTTH Broadband kuwana nemutengo wakaderera, nepo CATV uye nhare dzechinyakare dzakasimwa dzichiri kushandisa coaxial uye yakamonyoroka pair kupinda.Kune mavillas, kuwanikwa kweCATV kunogona kuwanikwa panguva imwe chete kuburikidza neoptical fiber pamutengo wakaderera.Chechipiri, kune zvipingamupinyi zveindasitiri mukupihwa kwenharembozha masevhisi muChina.Telecom vanoshanda havabvumidzwe kushandisa CATV masevhisi.Kusiyana neizvi, vashandisi veCATV havatenderwe kushandisa echinyakare telecom masevhisi (senge runhare), uye mamiriro aya achange akareba kwazvo mune ramangwana.Iyo nguva haigone kuchinjwa, saka mushandisi mumwechete haakwanise kupa katatu masevhisi ekutamba pane FTTH yekuwana network;zvakare, sezvo hupenyu hwetambo dzemaziso hunogona kusvika makore makumi mana, nepo tambo dzemhangura dzinowanzova makore gumi, apo tambo dzemhangura dzinokonzerwa nehupenyu Kana hutano hwekukurukurirana hunoderera, hapana chikonzero chekuisa chero tambo.Iwe unongoda kukwidziridza fiber optic michina kuti upe masevhisi anopihwa netambo dzekutanga dzemhangura.Muchokwadi, chero bedzi tekinoroji yakakura uye mutengo unogamuchirwa, unogona kusimudzira chero nguva.Optical fiber midziyo, nenguva inakidzwa nekureruka uye yakakwira bandwidth yakaunzwa neiyo FTTH tekinoroji.
Kupfupisa, iyo yazvino sarudzo ye optical fiber uye copper tambo kugarisana, uchishandisa AON's FiberP2P FTTH kuwana Internet Broadband kuwana, CATV uye tsika dzechinyakare nhare dzichiri kushandisa coaxial uye yakamonyoroka pair kupinda, iyo inogona kunyatso kudzivirira njodzi yeFTTH tekinoroji Panguva imwecheteyo. nguva, nakidzwa nekureruka uye yakakwira bandwidth yakaunzwa neiyo itsva FTTH yekuwana tekinoroji nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.Kana tekinoroji yakura uye mutengo uchigamuchirwa, uye zvipingamupinyi zveindasitiri zvabviswa, iyo fiber optic michina inogona kukwidziridzwa chero nguva kuti iwane FTTH yakazara sevhisi kuwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-10-2021