Itandukaniro hagati ya switch na router

(1) Duhereye kubigaragara, dutandukanya byombi

Ubusanzwe abahindura bafite ibyambu byinshi kandi bisa nkibigoye.

Ibyambu bya router ni bito cyane kandi ingano ni nto cyane.

Mubyukuri, ifoto iburyo ntabwo ari router nyayo ahubwo ihuza imikorere ya router.Usibye imikorere ya switch (icyambu cya LAN gikoreshwa nkicyambu cya switch, WAN nicyambu gikoreshwa muguhuza umuyoboro wo hanze), naho bibiri Antenna ni point ya enterineti itagira umugozi (mubisanzwe) byitwa umugozi wibanze wa neti wifi).

(2) Inzego zitandukanye zakazi:

Ihindura ryumwimerere ryakoraga kuri ** data ihuza urwego rwa OSI ifunguye sisitemu yo guhuza moderi, ** nicyiciro cya kabiri

Router ikora kumurongo wurwego rwa OSI moderi, nigice cya gatatu

Kubera iyi, ihame rya switch iroroshye.Mubisanzwe, ibyuma byumuzunguruko bikoreshwa mukumenya kohereza amakuru kumurongo.

Router ikora kumurongo wurwego hamwe nibitugu umurimo wingenzi wo guhuza imiyoboro.Kugirango ushyire mubikorwa protocole nyinshi kandi ufite ubwenge bwogutezimbere ibikorwa byo gufata ibyemezo, mubisanzwe ikoresha sisitemu ikora muri router kugirango ishyire mubikorwa algorithms igoye, kandi irashishikajwe no gushyira mubikorwa software.Imikorere yacyo.

(3) Ibikoresho byohereza amakuru biratandukanye:

Hindura yohereza amakuru kumurongo ashingiye kuri aderesi ya MAC

Router yohereza IP datagrams / paki zishingiye kuri aderesi ya IP.

Ikadiri yamakuru ikubiyemo ikadiri y'umutwe (isoko MAC n'aho yerekeza MAC, nibindi) n'umurongo umurizo (kugenzura CRC. Kode) hashingiwe kuri IP data packets / packets.Kubijyanye na aderesi ya MAC na aderesi ya IP, ntushobora kumva impamvu aderesi ebyiri zikenewe.Mubyukuri, aderesi ya IP igena paki yanyuma yamakuru kugirango igere kumurongo runaka, naho aderesi ya MAC igena imwe muri hop ikurikira.Igikoresho (mubisanzwe router cyangwa host).Byongeye kandi, aderesi ya IP igerwaho na software, ishobora gusobanura umuyoboro aho uwakiriye aherereye, kandi aderesi ya MAC igerwaho nibikoresho.Buri karita y'urusobe izashimangira aderesi ya MAC yonyine ku isi muri ROM yikarita y'urusobe iyo ivuye mu ruganda, adresse ya MAC rero ntishobora guhinduka, ariko aderesi ya IP irashobora gushyirwaho no guhindurwa numuyobozi wurusobe.

(4) “Igabana ry'umurimo” riratandukanye

Guhindura bikoreshwa cyane cyane mukubaka urusobe rwakarere, kandi router ishinzwe guhuza uwakiriye numuyoboro wo hanze.Abashitsi benshi barashobora guhuzwa na switch binyuze mumurongo wumuyoboro.Muri iki gihe, LAN yashizweho, kandi amakuru arashobora koherezwa kubandi bakiriye muri LAN.Kurugero, software ya LAN nka Feiqiu dukoresha twohereza amakuru kubandi bashitsi binyuze muri switch.Ariko, LAN yashizweho na switch ntishobora kugera kumurongo wo hanze (ni ukuvuga interineti).Muri iki gihe, hakenewe router kugirango "dukingure umuryango w'isi nziza cyane" kuri twe.Abashitsi bose kuri LAN bakoresha umuyoboro wigenga IP, bityo rero bigomba kuba umuyoboro wo hanze ushobora kuboneka nyuma yuko router ihinduwe muri IP yumuyoboro rusange.

(5) Gutongana indangarubuga no gutangaza amakuru

Ihinduranya igabanya indangarugero yamakimbirane, ariko ntigabanya indangarubuga yo gutangaza, mugihe router igabanya indangarubuga.Ibice byurusobe bihujwe na switch biracyari murwego rumwe rwo gutangaza amakuru, kandi amakuru yo gutangaza amakuru azoherezwa mubice byose byurusobe bihujwe na switch.Kuri iki kibazo, bizatera umuyaga mwinshi hamwe n’umutekano muke.Igice cyumuyoboro uhujwe na router kizahabwa indangarubuga itagerwaho, kandi router ntabwo yohereza amakuru yamakuru.Twabibutsa ko unicast data packet izoherezwa muburyo bwihariye kubigenewe kubakira hamwe na switch mumurongo waho, kandi nabandi bakiriye ntibazakira amakuru.Ibi bitandukanye na hub yumwimerere.Igihe cyo kugera cyamakuru kigenwa nigipimo cyo kohereza cya switch.Guhindura bizohereza amakuru yamakuru kuri host yose muri LAN.

Ikintu cya nyuma ugomba kumenya ni uko muri rusange router zifite imikorere ya firewall, zishobora guhitamo gushungura amakuru yamakuru amwe mumapaki.Routers zimwe ubu zifite imikorere ya switch (nkuko bigaragara iburyo mumashusho hejuru), kandi bamwe bahindura bafite imikorere ya router, bita Layeri 3 ya switch kandi ikoreshwa cyane.Mugereranije, router ifite imikorere ikomeye kuruta guhinduranya, ariko nayo iratinda kandi ihenze cyane.Igice cya 3 cyahinduwe gifite umurongo wohereza imbere ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya hamwe nibikorwa byiza byo kuyobora inzira, bityo bikoreshwa cyane.