PON: Sobanukirwa na OLT, ONU, ONT na ODN

Mu myaka yashize, fibre yo murugo (FTTH) yatangiye guhabwa agaciro namasosiyete yitumanaho kwisi yose, kandi tekinoloji ituma itera imbere byihuse.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwa sisitemu ya FTTH yagutse.Nibikorwa bya Optical Network (AON) hamwe na Passive Optical Network (PON).Kugeza ubu, ibikorwa byinshi bya FTTH mugutegura no kohereza byakoresheje PON kugirango uzigame ibiciro bya fibre.PON iherutse gukurura abantu kubera igiciro cyayo gito kandi ikora neza.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzamenyekanisha ABC ya PON, ikubiyemo cyane cyane ibice byibanze nubuhanga bujyanye na OLT, ONT, ONU na ODN.

Icyambere, birakenewe kumenyekanisha muri make PON.Bitandukanye na AON, abakiriya benshi bahujwe na transceiver imwe binyuze mumashami yishami rya fibre optique hamwe na passive splitter / combiner unit, ikora rwose murwego rwa optique, kandi nta mashanyarazi afite muri PON.Hano hari ibipimo bibiri byingenzi bya PON: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) na Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON).Nyamara, uko ubwoko bwa PON bwaba bumeze kose, bose bafite topologiya imwe y'ibanze.Sisitemu yayo isanzwe igizwe numurongo wa optique (OLT) mubiro bikuru bitanga serivise hamwe nibice byinshi byurusobe rwibikoresho (ONU) cyangwa imiyoboro ya optique (ONT) hafi yumukoresha wa nyuma nkibice bitandukanya optique.

Umurongo wa Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

OLT ihuza ibikoresho byo guhinduranya L2 / L3 muri sisitemu ya G / EPON.Mubisanzwe, ibikoresho bya OLT birimo rack, CSM (kugenzura no guhinduranya module), ELM (module ya EPON ihuza, ikarita ya PON), kurinda birenze urugero -48V DC itanga amashanyarazi cyangwa 110 / 220V AC itanga amashanyarazi hamwe nabafana.Muri ibi bice, ikarita ya PON hamwe nogutanga amashanyarazi bifasha guhinduranya bishyushye, mugihe izindi module zubatswe. Igikorwa nyamukuru cya OLT ni ukugenzura uburyo bubiri bwo kohereza amakuru kuri ODN iherereye mubiro bikuru.Intera ntarengwa ishyigikiwe na ODN yoherejwe ni 20 km.OLT ifite ibyerekezo bibiri bireremba: hejuru (kubona ubwoko butandukanye bwamakuru hamwe nurujya n'uruza rwijwi kubakoresha) no kumanuka (kubona amakuru, amajwi na videwo biva muri metero cyangwa intera ndende, no kubyohereza kuri ONT zose kumurongo Module) ODN.

Igice cya Optical Network Unit (ONU)

ONU ihindura ibimenyetso bya optique byanyujijwe muri fibre optique mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi.Ibyo bimenyetso byamashanyarazi noneho byoherezwa kuri buri mukoresha.Mubisanzwe, hari intera cyangwa urundi rusobe rwinjira hagati ya ONU ninzu yumukoresha wa nyuma.Mubyongeyeho, ONU irashobora kohereza, guteranya no gutunganya ubwoko butandukanye bwamakuru aturuka kubakiriya, ikayohereza hejuru muri OLT.Gutegura ninzira yo gutezimbere no gutunganya amakuru yamakuru, bityo irashobora gutangwa neza.OLT ishyigikira itangwa ryagutse, ryemerera amakuru kwimurwa neza muri OLT, mubisanzwe nibintu bitunguranye kubakiriya.ONU irashobora guhuzwa nuburyo butandukanye nubwoko bwinsinga, nkumugozi wumuringa uhindagurika, insinga ya coaxial, fibre optique cyangwa Wi-Fi.

Umuyoboro wa Optical Terminal (ONT)

Mubyukuri, ONT mubyukuri ni kimwe na ONU.ONT ni ijambo ITU-T, naho ONU ni ijambo IEEE.Bose bavuga ibikoresho byabakoresha kuruhande muri sisitemu ya GEPON.Ariko mubyukuri, ukurikije aho ONT na ONU biherereye, hari itandukaniro hagati yabo.Ubusanzwe ONT iherereye kubakiriya.

Umuyoboro mwiza wo gukwirakwiza (ODN)

ODN ni igice cyingenzi muri sisitemu ya PON, itanga uburyo bwogukwirakwiza uburyo bwo guhuza umubiri hagati ya ONU na OLT.Ikigereranyo cyo kugera ni kilometero 20 cyangwa zirenga.Muri ODN, insinga za optique, umuhuza wa optique, pasitike ya optique itandukanya hamwe nibice bifasha bifatanya.ODN ifite ibice bitanu, aribyo fibre yo kugaburira, gukwirakwiza optique, gukwirakwiza fibre, optique yo kugera hamwe na fibre yinjira.Fibre fibre itangirira kumurongo wo gukwirakwiza optique (ODF) mubiro bikuru byitumanaho bikuru (CO) bikarangirira kumurongo wo gukwirakwiza urumuri rwo gukwirakwiza intera ndende.Ikwirakwizwa rya fibre kuva optique yo gukwirakwiza kugeza kuri optique yo kugera ikwirakwiza fibre optique mukarere kegeranye.Kwinjiza fibre optique ihuza optique yo kugera kuri terminal (ONT) kugirango fibre optique yinjira murugo rwumukoresha.Mubyongeyeho, ODN ninzira yingirakamaro yo kohereza amakuru ya PON, kandi ubuziranenge bwayo bugira ingaruka kumikorere, kwizerwa no kwipimisha sisitemu ya PON.