Kusiyana pakati pa switch ndi rauta

(1) Ndi maonekedwe, timasiyanitsa pakati pa ziwirizi

Zosintha nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi madoko ambiri ndipo zimawoneka zovuta.

Madoko a rauta ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo voliyumu yake ndi yaying'ono kwambiri.

Ndipotu, chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja si router yeniyeni koma imagwirizanitsa ntchito ya rauta.Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yosinthira (doko la LAN limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati doko la chosinthira, WAN ndi doko lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza netiweki yakunja), ndipo awiriwo The antenna ndi malo opanda zingwe a AP (omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala. amatchedwa Wi-Fi opanda zingwe zaderalo).

(2) Magawo osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito:

Kusintha koyambirira kunagwira ntchito pa ** data link layer ya OSI open system interconnection model, ** yomwe ndi gawo lachiwiri

Router imagwira ntchito pa netiweki wosanjikiza wa mtundu wa OSI, womwe ndi gawo lachitatu

Chifukwa cha izi, mfundo yosinthira ndiyosavuta.Nthawi zambiri, ma frequency a hardware amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kutumiza kwa mafelemu a data.

Router imagwira ntchito pa netiweki wosanjikiza ndipo imanyamula ntchito yofunika kwambiri yolumikizira maukonde.Kuti mugwiritse ntchito ma protocol ovuta komanso kukhala ndi zisankho zanzeru zotumizira, nthawi zambiri imayendetsa makina ogwiritsira ntchito rauta kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zovuta zosinthira, ndipo amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu.Ntchito yake.

(3) Zinthu zotumizira deta ndizosiyana:

Kusintha kumapititsa patsogolo mafelemu a data kutengera adilesi ya MAC

Router imatumiza ma datagram / mapaketi a IP kutengera adilesi ya IP.

Deta ya data imayika mutu wa chimango (gwero la MAC ndi kopita MAC, ndi zina zotero) ndi mchira wazithunzi (CRC cheke. Khodi) pamaziko a mapaketi a data a IP / mapaketi.Ponena za adilesi ya MAC ndi adilesi ya IP, mwina simungamvetse chifukwa chake ma adilesi awiri amafunikira.M'malo mwake, adilesi ya IP imasankha paketi yomaliza ya data kuti ifike kwa munthu wina, ndipo adilesi ya MAC imatsimikizira kuti hop yotsatira idzalumikizana ndi iti.Chipangizo (nthawi zambiri rauta kapena wolandila).Kuphatikiza apo, adilesi ya IP imazindikiridwa ndi mapulogalamu, omwe amatha kufotokozera maukonde komwe wolandirayo ali, ndipo adilesi ya MAC imazindikiridwa ndi zida.Khadi lililonse la netiweki lidzalimbitsa adilesi yokha ya MAC padziko lonse lapansi mu ROM ya kirediti kadi ikachoka kufakitale, kotero adilesi ya MAC siyingasinthidwe, koma adilesi ya IP imatha kukhazikitsidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi woyang'anira maukonde.

(4) “Magawo a ntchito” ndi osiyana

​ Kusinthaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga netiweki yapafupi, ndipo rauta ili ndi udindo wolumikiza wolandila ku netiweki yakunja.Magulu angapo amatha kulumikizidwa ndi switch kudzera pa chingwe cha netiweki.Panthawiyi, LAN imakhazikitsidwa, ndipo deta ikhoza kutumizidwa kwa makamu ena mu LAN.Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu ya LAN monga Feiqiu timagwiritsa ntchito data yotumiza kwa makamu ena kudzera pa switch.Komabe, LAN yokhazikitsidwa ndi chosinthira sichingathe kupeza maukonde akunja (ndiko kuti, intaneti).Panthawi imeneyi, rauta ikufunika kuti "titsegulire chitseko cha dziko lodabwitsa lakunja" kwa ife.Onse omwe ali pa LAN amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti yachinsinsi ya IP, kotero ziyenera kuti maukonde akunja atha kupezeka pokhapokha rauta itasinthidwa kukhala IP ya netiweki yapagulu.

(5) Chigawo cha mikangano ndi malo owulutsa

Kusinthaku kumagawanitsa malo otsutsana, koma sikugawaniza malo owulutsa, pomwe rauta imagawaniza malo owulutsa.Magawo a netiweki olumikizidwa ndi switchyo akadali amtundu womwewo wowulutsa, ndipo mapaketi a data owulutsa adzatumizidwa pamagulu onse a netiweki olumikizidwa ndi switch.Pankhaniyi, zidzayambitsa mikuntho yowulutsa komanso zovuta zachitetezo.Gawo la netiweki lolumikizidwa ndi rauta lidzapatsidwa dera losafikirika, ndipo rauta sidzatumiza deta yowulutsa.Zindikirani kuti paketi ya data ya unicast idzatumizidwa mwapadera kwa mwiniwakeyo mwa kusintha kwa netiweki yam'deralo, ndipo makamu ena sadzalandira deta.Izi ndizosiyana ndi malo oyamba.Nthawi yofika ya data imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kutumiza kwa switch.Kusinthaku kudzatumiza deta yowulutsa kwa onse omwe ali mu LAN.

Chomaliza chomwe muyenera kudziwa ndikuti ma routers nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ntchito ya firewall, yomwe imatha kusefa mapaketi ena a netiweki.Ma routers ena tsopano ali ndi ntchito yosinthira (monga momwe zasonyezedwera kumanja mu chithunzi pamwambapa), ndipo masinthidwe ena ali ndi ntchito ya rauta, yomwe imatchedwa Layer 3 switches ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Poyerekeza, ma routers ali ndi ntchito zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa ma switch, koma amakhalanso otsika komanso okwera mtengo.Masiwichi a Layer 3 ali ndi kuthekera kodutsira mizera kwa ma switch komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a ma routers, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.