Malingana ndi deta yoyenera, chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito FTTH / FTTP / FTTB padziko lonse lapansi chidzafika 59% mu 2025. Deta yoperekedwa ndi kampani yofufuza msika Point Topic imasonyeza kuti chitukukochi chidzakhala 11% kuposa momwe zilili panopa.
Point Topic ikuneneratu kuti padzakhala anthu 1.2 biliyoni ogwiritsa ntchito ma Broadband osasunthika padziko lonse lapansi kumapeto kwa 2025. M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, chiwerengero chonse cha ogwiritsa ntchito ma Broadband padziko lonse lapansi chinaposa 1 biliyoni.
Pafupifupi 89% ya ogwiritsa ntchitowa ali m'misika 30 yapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi.M'misika iyi, FTTH ndi matekinoloje okhudzana nawo azitenga gawo la msika kuchokera ku xDSL, ndipo gawo la msika la xDSL lidzatsika kuchoka pa 19% mpaka 9% panthawi yolosera.Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma fiber kunyumba (FTTC) ndi VDSL ndi DOCSIS-based hybrid fiber/coaxial cable (HFC) akuyenera kukwera panthawi yolosera, gawo la msika likhalabe lokhazikika.Pakati pawo, FTTC idzawerengera pafupifupi 12% ya chiwerengero chonse cha maulumikizidwe, ndipo HFC idzawerengera 19%.
Kuwonekera kwa 5G kuyenera kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma Broadband osakhazikika panthawi yanenedweratu.5G isanatumizidwe kwenikweni, sizingatheke kufotokozera momwe msika udzakhudzire.
Nkhaniyi ifananiza ukadaulo wofikira wa Passive Optical Network (PON) ndi ukadaulo wofikira wa Active Optical Network (AON) potengera mawonekedwe a madera okhala m'dziko langa, ndikuwunika zabwino ndi zoyipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera okhala ku China., Mwa kufotokoza mavuto angapo otchuka ntchito FTTH kupeza luso m'zigawo zogona m'dziko langa, kukambirana mwachidule za njira zoyenera dziko langa kupanga FTTH ntchito luso.
1. Makhalidwe a msika wa FTTH wakudziko langa
Pakalipano, msika waukulu wa FTTH ku China mosakayikira ndi anthu okhala m'midzi yayikulu, yapakati ndi yaing'ono.Malo okhala m'matauni nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati midzi yamaluwa.Mawonekedwe awo odziwika bwino ndi awa: kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa mabanja.Malo okhala m'dimba limodzi amakhala ndi anthu 500-3000, ndipo ena amakhala nyumba masauzande ambiri;Malo okhalamo (kuphatikiza nyumba zamalonda) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zipinda zolumikizirana kuti akhazikitse zida zolumikizirana komanso kupereka ma line mdera lonse.Kukonzekera uku kumafunika kuti ogwira ntchito pa telecommunications apikisane wina ndi mzake ndikuphatikiza mautumiki angapo a telecommunication.Mtunda wochokera kuchipinda cha kompyuta kupita kwa wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri umakhala wosakwana 1km;Ogwiritsa ntchito ma telecom ndi oyendetsa ma TV nthawi zambiri amayika zingwe zazing'ono (nthawi zambiri 4 mpaka 12 cores) zingwe zowonera kuzipinda zamakompyuta za nyumba zogona kapena nyumba zamalonda;kuyankhulana kwanyumba ndi mwayi wopezeka ndi CATV m'deralo Zida zama chingwe ndi za wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense.Chikhalidwe china cha msika wandalama wa FTTH wa dziko langa ndi kukhalapo kwa zotchinga zamakampani popereka ma telecom: ogwira ntchito pa telecom saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za CATV, ndipo izi sizingasinthidwe kwa nthawi yayitali mtsogolo.
2. Kusankha FTTH Access Technology m'dziko langa
1) Mavuto omwe amakumana ndi passive optical network (PON) mu mapulogalamu a FTTH m'dziko langa
Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a netiweki ndi kugawa kwa netiweki yabwino yowoneka bwino (Passive Optical Network-PON).Mawonekedwe ake akuluakulu ndi awa: optical line terminal (Optical Line Terminal-OLT) amayikidwa m'chipinda chapakati cha makompyuta a telecom, ndipo ma splitter optical optical amaikidwa (Splitter).) Pafupi kwambiri ndi gawo la optical network (Optical Network Unit——ONU) kumbali ya wogwiritsa ntchito.Mtunda pakati pa OLT ndi ONU ndi wofanana ndi mtunda wapakati pa chipinda chapakati pa kompyuta ya woyendetsa telecom ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, womwe uli wofanana ndi mtunda wamakono wokhazikika wa foni, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala makilomita angapo, ndipo Splitter nthawi zambiri imakhala mamita makumi mtunda wa mita kuchokera ku ONU.Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kamangidwe ka PON kakuwunikira zabwino za PON: maukonde onse kuchokera kuchipinda chapakati pamakompyuta kupita kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi intaneti yokhazikika;kuchuluka kwa fiber optic chingwe zothandizira kuchokera kuchipinda chapakati pakompyuta kupita kwa wogwiritsa ntchito zimasungidwa;chifukwa ndi chimodzi-ndi-ambiri, chiwerengero cha zipangizo m'chipinda chapakati kompyuta yafupika ndi Scale, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mawaya mu chapakati kompyuta chipinda.
Mawonekedwe abwino a passive optical network (PON) m'malo okhala: OLT imayikidwa m'chipinda chapakati cha makompyuta cha wogwiritsa ntchito telecom.Malinga ndi mfundo yakuti Splitter ili pafupi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito momwe angathere, Splitter imayikidwa mu bokosi logawa pansi.Mwachiwonekere, kamangidwe koyenera kameneka kakhoza kuwonetsa ubwino wa PON, koma mosakayikira idzabweretsa mavuto otsatirawa: Choyamba, chingwe chapamwamba cha fiber optic chimafunika kuchokera kuchipinda chapakati cha makompyuta kupita kumalo okhalamo, monga nyumba zogona 3000. , yowerengedwa pa chiwerengero cha nthambi ya 1:16, Pafupifupi 200-core optical fiber cable ikufunika, koma pakali pano 4-12 cores yokha, ndizovuta kwambiri kuonjezera kuika kwa chingwe cha kuwala;chachiwiri, ogwiritsa ntchito sangasankhe mwaufulu woyendetsa, amatha kusankha ntchito yoperekedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ma telecom, ndipo sizingatheke kuti wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi yekhayo azikhala yekha. bwino kutetezedwa.Chachitatu, ogawa osawoneka bwino omwe amaikidwa mubokosi logawa pansi amapangitsa kuti magawo ogawa azikhala amwazikana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugawa, kukonza ndi kasamalidwe kovuta kwambiri.Ngakhale pafupifupi zosatheka;chachinayi, ndizosatheka kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapaintaneti ndi madoko ake olowera, chifukwa mkati mwa PON imodzi, kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumakhala kovuta kukwaniritsa 100%.
Mawonekedwe enieni a passive optical network (PON) m'malo okhalamo: OLT ndi Splitter onse amayikidwa muchipinda cha makompyuta cha malo okhalamo.Ubwino wa masanjidwe owoneka bwino awa ndi awa: zingwe zotsika za fiber optic zokha zomwe zimafunikira kuchokera kuchipinda chapakati pakompyuta kupita kumalo okhalamo, ndipo zida zomwe zilipo kale zimatha kukwaniritsa zosowa;mizere yolowera m'malo onse okhalamo imakhala ndi mawaya mu chipinda cha makompyuta cha malo okhalamo, zomwe zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha mwaufulu ogwiritsa ntchito ma telecom osiyanasiyana.Kwa ogwira ntchito pa telecom, maukonde ndi osavuta kugawa, kusamalira ndi kuyang'anira;chifukwa zida zolowera ndi mapanelo azigamba zili m'chipinda chimodzi cha cell, mosakayika zithandizira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito doko la zida, ndipo zida zolumikizira zitha kukulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito..Komabe, masanjidwe enieniwa alinso ndi zofooka zake zodziwikiratu: Choyamba, mawonekedwe a netiweki akutaya PON ndiye mwayi waukulu wamaneti ongokhala, ndipo chipinda chapakati pamakompyuta kupita ku netiweki ya ogwiritsa ntchito akadali maukonde yogwira;chachiwiri, sichipulumutsa fiber optic chingwe chuma chifukwa cha PON;, Zida za PON zili ndi mtengo wokwera komanso mawonekedwe ovuta a maukonde.
Mwachidule, PON ili ndi mbali ziwiri zotsutsana mu FTTH ntchito ya malo okhala: Malinga ndi mawonekedwe abwino maukonde dongosolo ndi masanjidwe a PON, izo ndithudi kupereka sewero zabwino zake zoyambirira: maukonde lonse kuchokera chapakati kompyuta chipinda kwa wosuta ndi maukonde opanda pake, omwe amapulumutsa kwambiri chipinda chapakati pamakompyuta Kwa wogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha fiber optic, kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa zida m'chipinda chapakati pamakompyuta ndizosavuta;komabe, zimabweretsanso zolakwika zosavomerezeka: kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuyala kwa chingwe cha fiber optic kumafunika;magawo ogawa amabalalika, ndipo kugawa manambala, kukonza ndi kasamalidwe ndizovuta kwambiri;ogwiritsa ntchito sangasankhe mwaufulu Othandizira sakhala okonzeka kupikisana ndi ma opareshoni ambiri, ndipo zokonda za ogwiritsa ntchito sizingatsimikizidwe bwino;kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zida za netiweki ndi madoko ake olowera ndi otsika.Ngati masanjidwe enieni a passive optical network (PON) m'gawo lokhalamo atengedwa, zida zomwe zilipo kale zimatha kukwaniritsa zosowa.Chipinda cha makompyuta cha anthu ammudzi chimakhala ndi mawaya ofanana, omwe ndi osavuta kugawa, kusamalira ndi kusamalira manambala.Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha mwaufulu woyendetsa, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito doko la Zida, koma nthawi yomweyo anataya zabwino ziwiri zazikulu za PON monga maukonde osagwira ntchito komanso kupulumutsa fiber optic chingwe chuma.Pakadali pano, iyeneranso kupirira zovuta zamtengo wapamwamba wa zida za PON komanso mawonekedwe ovuta a network.
2) Kusankha kwaukadaulo wofikira kwa FTTH kwa anthu okhala m'dziko langa-Point-to-point (P2P) ukadaulo wofikira wa Active Optical Network (AON) mnyumba zogona
Mwachiwonekere, ubwino wa PON umasowa m'madera okhalamo anthu ambiri.Popeza ukadaulo waposachedwa wa PON sunakhwime kwambiri ndipo mtengo wa zida umakhalabe wokwera, tikukhulupirira kuti ndizasayansi komanso zotheka kusankha ukadaulo wa AON kuti mupeze FTTH, chifukwa:
-Zipinda zamakompyuta nthawi zambiri zimakhazikitsidwa m'deralo;
-Tekinoloje ya P2P ya AON ndi yokhwima komanso yotsika mtengo.Itha kupereka mosavuta 100M kapena 1G bandiwifi ndikuzindikira ulalo wopanda malire ndi maukonde apakompyuta omwe alipo;
-Palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kuyika kwa zingwe za kuwala kuchokera kuchipinda chapakati cha makina kupita kumalo okhalamo;
－－Kapangidwe kamanetiwedwe kosavuta, kamangidwe kochepa ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kukonza;
- Mawaya apakati m'chipinda cha makompyuta ammudzi, osavuta kugawa manambala, kusamalira ndi kusamalira;
-Lolani ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha mwaufulu oyendetsa, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mpikisano wa ogwira ntchito ambiri, ndipo zofuna za ogwiritsa ntchito zingathe kutetezedwa bwino kudzera mu mpikisano;
——Mlingo wogwiritsa ntchito doko la zida ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu imatha kukulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mawonekedwe amtundu wa AON-based FTTH network.Chingwe chomwe chilipo cha low-core fiber optic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kuchipinda chapakati cha makompyuta a telecom kupita kuchipinda cha makompyuta.Makina osinthira amayikidwa mu chipinda cha makompyuta ammudzi, ndipo njira yolumikizirana ndi point-to-point (P2P) imatengedwa kuchokera kuchipinda cha makompyuta ammudzi kupita kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito.Zida zomwe zikubwera ndi mapanelo azigamba zimayikidwa mofanana mu chipinda cha makompyuta ammudzi, ndipo maukonde onse amatenga Ethernet protocol ndi luso lachikulire komanso mtengo wotsika.AON's point-to-point FTTH network pakadali pano ndiukadaulo wa FTTH womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Japan ndi United States.Pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito FTTH miliyoni 5 padziko lapansi, oposa 95% amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosinthira P2P.Ubwino wake waukulu ndi:
－－Bandiwifi yapamwamba: yosavuta kuzindikira njira ziwiri zolumikizira burodibandi 100M;
-Imatha kuthandizira mwayi wofikira pa intaneti, kupezeka kwa CATV ndi kulumikizana ndi telefoni, ndikuzindikira kuphatikizika kwa maukonde atatu pa intaneti;
－－Thandizani bizinesi yatsopano yomwe idzawonekere m'tsogolomu: vidiyofoni, VOD, kanema wa digito, ofesi yakutali, chiwonetsero cha intaneti, maphunziro a TV, chithandizo chamankhwala chakutali, kusungirako deta ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera, ndi zina zotero;
－－Mapangidwe osavuta a netiweki, ukadaulo wokhwima komanso mtengo wotsika;
－－Chipinda cha makompyuta chokha chomwe chili mdera lanu chomwe chili ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.Kukhazikitsa mawaya a chipinda cha makompyuta kuti achepetse mtengo wokonza ndikuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madoko a zida;
-Lolani ogwiritsa ntchito kusankha mwaufulu ogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimathandizira mpikisano pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ma telecom;
-Kutetezani bwino zida za chingwe cha fiber optic kuchokera kuchipinda chapakati cha makompyuta kupita kwa anthu ammudzi, ndipo palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kuyala kwa zingwe za fiber optic kuchokera kuchipinda chapakati cha makompyuta kupita kumudzi.
Tikukhulupirira kuti ndi sayansi komanso zotheka kusankha ukadaulo wa AON kuti mupeze FTTH, chifukwa chakukayikitsa pakukula kwa miyezo ndi matekinoloje a PON:
-Muyezo wangowonekera kumene, wokhala ndi mitundu ingapo (EPON & GPON), ndipo mpikisano wamiyezo ndi wosatsimikizika pakukwezedwa kwamtsogolo.
－Zida zoyenera zimafunikira zaka 3-5 zakukhazikika komanso kukhwima.Zidzakhala zovuta kupikisana ndi zipangizo zamakono za Ethernet P2P malinga ndi mtengo ndi kutchuka kwa zaka 3-5 zotsatira.
-PON optoelectronic zipangizo ndi okwera mtengo: mphamvu yamphamvu, kufalikira kwachangu kuphulika ndi kulandira;zipangizo zamakono za optoelectronic zili kutali kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zopangira makina a PON otsika mtengo.
-Pakali pano, mtengo wapakati wogulitsa zida za EPON zakunja ndi 1,000-1,500 US dollars.
3. Samalani kuopsa kwa teknoloji ya FTTH ndipo pewani kupempha mwachimbulimbuli kuti muthandizidwe ndi utumiki wonse
owerenga ambiri amafuna FTTH kuthandiza mautumiki onse, ndi imodzi kuthandiza burodibandi Intaneti, chingwe TV (CATV) mwayi ndi chikhalidwe zokhazikika foni kupeza, ndiko kuti, patatu sewero, kuyembekezera kukwaniritsa FTTH kupeza luso mu sitepe imodzi.Timakhulupilira kuti ndibwino kuti titha kuthandizira kulumikizidwa kwa intaneti kwa burodibandi, mwayi wopezeka pawailesi yakanema (CATV) komanso matelefoni amtundu wokhazikika, koma kwenikweni pali zoopsa zazikulu zaukadaulo.
Pakali pano, pakati pa 5 miliyoni FTTH owerenga mu dziko, oposa 97% ya FTTH kupeza maukonde okha kupereka Internet burodibandi kupeza ntchito, chifukwa mtengo wa FTTH kupereka chikhalidwe zokhazikika telefoni ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa luso alipo okhazikika foni, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa fiber kufalitsa chikhalidwe chokhazikika Foni ilinso ndi vuto lamagetsi amafoni.Ngakhale AON, EPON ndi GPON onse amathandizira mwayi wosewera katatu.Komabe, mfundo za EPON ndi GPON zangotulutsidwa kumene, ndipo patenga nthawi kuti lusoli likule.Mpikisano pakati pa EPON ndi GPON ndi kukwezedwa kwamtsogolo kwa miyezo iwiriyi sikudziwikanso, ndipo mawonekedwe ake opangira ma netiweki a point-to-multipoint passive network sizoyenera kuchulukira kwambiri ku China.Zofunsira zokhalamo.Kuphatikiza apo, zida zokhudzana ndi EPON ndi GPON zimafunikira zaka zosachepera zisanu zakukhazikika komanso kukhwima.M'zaka zotsatira za 5, zidzakhala zovuta kupikisana ndi zipangizo zamakono za Ethernet P2P malinga ndi mtengo ndi kutchuka.Pakalipano, zipangizo zamagetsi za opto sizikutha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zochepa zopangira.Mtengo wa PON system.Tingaone kuti kufunafuna akhungu FTTH mwayi utumiki utumiki ntchito EPON kapena GPON pa siteji imeneyi mosalephera kubweretsa yaikulu luso luso.
Pa netiweki yofikira, ndi njira yosapeŵeka kuti ulusi wa kuwala usinthe zingwe zingapo zamkuwa.Komabe, kuwala kwa fiber kudzalowa m'malo mwa zingwe zamkuwa usiku wonse.Ndizosatheka komanso zosaganizirika kuti mautumiki onse apezeke kudzera mu ulusi wa kuwala.Kupita patsogolo kulikonse kwaukadaulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo FTTH ndi chimodzimodzi.Choncho, mu chitukuko koyambirira ndi Kukwezeleza FTTH, ndi kukhalapo kwa CHIKWANGWANI kuwala ndi chingwe mkuwa n'zosapeweka.Kukhalapo kwa ulusi wa kuwala ndi chingwe chamkuwa kungathandize ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito pa telecom kuti apewe kuopsa kwa luso la FTTH.Choyamba, ukadaulo wofikira wa AON utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira kuti akwaniritse mwayi wamtundu wa FTTH pamtengo wotsika, pomwe CATV ndi matelefoni okhazikika achikhalidwe amagwiritsabe ntchito coaxial ndi zopotoka.Kwa ma villas, mwayi wa CATV utha kupezedwanso nthawi imodzi kudzera mu fiber optical pamtengo wotsika.Chachiwiri, pali zopinga zamakampani popereka ma telecom ku China.Ogwiritsa ntchito ma telecom saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za CATV.M'malo mwake, oyendetsa CATV saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma telecom achikhalidwe (monga telefoni), ndipo izi zitenga nthawi yayitali mtsogolo.Nthawi sangasinthidwe, kotero woyendetsa m'modzi sangathe kupereka ntchito zosewerera katatu pa netiweki ya FTTH;kachiwiri, popeza moyo wa zingwe za kuwala ukhoza kufika zaka 40, pamene zingwe zamkuwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 10, pamene zingwe zamkuwa zimakhala ndi moyo Pamene khalidwe la kuyankhulana likuchepa, palibe chifukwa choyika zingwe zilizonse.Mukungoyenera kukweza zida za fiber optic kuti mupereke ntchito zoperekedwa ndi zingwe zoyambirira zamkuwa.Ndipotu, malinga ngati teknoloji ikukhwima ndipo mtengo wake ndi wovomerezeka, mukhoza kukweza nthawi iliyonse.Zida zopangira CHIKWANGWANI, munthawi yake sangalalani ndi kusavuta komanso bandwidth yayikulu yomwe imabwera ndiukadaulo watsopano wa FTTH.
Mwachidule, kusankha panopa wa CHIKWANGWANI kuwala ndi mkuwa chingwe coexistence, ntchito AON a FiberP2P FTTH tikwaniritse Internet burodibandi kupeza, CATV ndi miyambo yokhazikika mafoni akugwiritsabe ntchito coaxial ndi zokhota pawiri kupeza, amene angapeweretu chiopsezo cha luso FTTH Nthawi yomweyo. nthawi, sangalalani ndi kusavuta komanso bandwidth yayikulu yomwe imabwera ndiukadaulo watsopano wa FTTH posachedwa.Pamene luso ndi okhwima ndi mtengo cholandirika, ndi zotchinga makampani kuthetsedwa, ndi CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe zida akhoza akweza nthawi iliyonse kuzindikira FTTH utumiki utumiki.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-10-2021