Dangane da bayanan da suka dace, adadin masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na FTTH/FTTP/FTTB na duniya zai kai kashi 59% a cikin 2025. Bayanan da kamfanin bincike na kasuwa ya bayar na Point Topic ya nuna cewa wannan yanayin ci gaban zai kasance 11% sama da matakin yanzu.
Taken batu ya yi hasashen cewa za a sami tsayayyen masu amfani da buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗiya biliyan 1.2 a duk duniya nan da ƙarshen 2025. A cikin shekaru biyun farko, jimillar masu amfani da buɗaɗɗen faɗaɗa a duniya sun zarce adadin biliyan 1.
Kusan kashi 89% na waɗannan masu amfani suna cikin manyan kasuwanni 30 a duniya.A cikin waɗannan kasuwanni, FTTH da fasahohin da ke da alaƙa za su fi karɓar rabon kasuwa daga xDSL, kuma kasuwar xDSL za ta ragu daga 19% zuwa 9% yayin lokacin hasashen.Kodayake yawan adadin masu amfani da fiber zuwa ginin (FTTC) da VDSL da DOCSIS na tushen matasan fiber/coaxial na USB (HFC) yakamata su hau yayin lokacin hasashen, rabon kasuwa zai kasance da kwanciyar hankali.Daga cikin su, FTTC zai yi lissafin kusan 12% na jimlar adadin haɗin gwiwa, kuma HFC zai lissafta 19%.
Fitowar 5G yakamata ya hana ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikacen watsa shirye-shirye a lokacin hasashen.Kafin a tura 5G a zahiri, har yanzu ba zai yiwu a yi hasashen yawan abin da kasuwar za ta shafa ba.
Wannan labarin zai kwatanta fasahar samun damar hanyar sadarwa ta Passive Optical Network (PON) da fasahar samun damar Active Optical Network (AON) bisa la'akari da halaye na al'ummomin mazauna a cikin ƙasata, da kuma yin nazarin fa'ida da rashin amfanin aikace-aikacensa a cikin mazauna mazauna a kasar Sin., Ta hanyar bayyana manyan matsaloli da yawa a cikin aikace-aikacen fasahar samun damar FTTH a gundumomin zama a cikin ƙasata, taƙaitaccen tattaunawa kan dabarun da suka dace na ƙasata don haɓaka fasahar aikace-aikacen FTTH.
1. Halayen kasuwar FTTH ta kasata
A halin yanzu, babbar kasuwar FTTH ta kasar Sin ba shakka ita ce mazauna mazauna mazauna manyan birane, matsakaita da kanana.Al'ummomin mazauna birni gabaɗaya al'ummomin mazauna ne irin na lambu.Fitattun fasalulluka sune: yawan gidaje masu yawa.Al'ummomin mazaunin lambun guda ɗaya gabaɗaya suna da mazauna 500-3000, wasu ma dubun dubatar gidaje ne;al'ummomin zama (ciki har da gine-ginen kasuwanci) gabaɗaya suna sanye da dakunan kayan aikin sadarwa don shigar da kayan aikin hanyar sadarwa da mika layi a cikin al'umma.Ana buƙatar wannan tsari don masu gudanar da sadarwa don yin gogayya da juna tare da haɗa sabis na sadarwa da yawa.Nisa daga ɗakin kwamfuta zuwa mai amfani gabaɗaya bai wuce 1km ba;manyan ma'aikatan sadarwa da na'urorin TV na USB gabaɗaya sun ɗora ƙananan ƙididdiga (yawanci 4 zuwa 12) igiyoyi masu gani zuwa ɗakunan kwamfuta na wuraren zama ko gine-ginen kasuwanci;sadarwar wurin zama da samun damar CATV a cikin al'umma albarkatun Cable na kowane ma'aikaci ne.Wata sifa ta kasuwar hada-hadar FTTH ta kasata ita ce kasancewar matsalolin masana'antu wajen samar da ayyukan sadarwa: ba a ba wa masu aikin sadarwa damar gudanar da ayyukan CATV ba, kuma ba za a iya canza wannan matsayin na wani lokaci mai tsawo ba nan gaba.
2. Zaɓin Fasahar Samun damar FTTH a ƙasata
1) Matsalolin da ake fuskanta ta hanyar sadarwar gani na gani (PON) a aikace-aikacen FTTH a cikin ƙasata
Hoto na 1 yana nuna tsarin cibiyar sadarwa da rarraba ingantaccen hanyar sadarwa na gani (Passive Optical Network-PON).Babban fasalinsa shine: Terminal na gani na gani (Optical Line Terminal-OLT) ana sanya shi a cikin tsakiyar dakin komfuta na ma'aikacin sadarwa, kuma ana sanya masu rarrabawar gani (Splitter).) Kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa naúrar cibiyar sadarwar gani (Optical Network Unit——ONU) a gefen mai amfani.Tazarar dake tsakanin OLT da ONU dai-dai da tazarar dake tsakanin babban dakin komfuta na kamfanin sadarwa da mai amfani da shi, wanda yayi daidai da tsayayyen tazarar da ake samu ta wayar tarho a halin yanzu, wanda gaba daya ya kai kilomita da dama, kuma Splitter gaba daya yana da dubun mita zuwa daruruwan mitoci nesa da ONU.Wannan tsari da tsarin PON yana nuna fa'idar PON: gabaɗayan hanyar sadarwa daga ɗakin kwamfuta ta tsakiya zuwa mai amfani da hanyar sadarwa ce;babban adadin albarkatun kebul na fiber optic daga ɗakin kwamfuta na tsakiya zuwa mai amfani an ajiye su;saboda daya-da-daya ne, an rage yawan kayan aikin da ke cikin dakin komfuta na tsakiya da Sikeli, yana rage yawan wayoyi a dakin kwamfuta na tsakiya.
Kyakkyawan shimfidar hanyar sadarwar gani (PON) a cikin wurin zama: Ana sanya OLT a cikin tsakiyar ɗakin kwamfuta na ma'aikacin sadarwa.Bisa ga ka'idar cewa Splitter yana kusa da mai amfani kamar yadda zai yiwu, ana sanya Splitter a cikin akwatin rarraba bene.Babu shakka, wannan kyakkyawan tsari na iya haskaka fa'idar PON, amma babu makawa zai haifar da matsaloli masu zuwa: Na farko, ana buƙatar kebul na fiber optic mai lamba mai lamba daga tsakiyar ɗakin kwamfuta zuwa wurin zama, kamar wuraren zama 3000. , ƙididdigewa a wani yanki na reshe na 1:16, Ana buƙatar kusan 200-core fiber fiber na USB, amma a halin yanzu kawai nau'in 4-12 kawai, yana da matukar wahala a ƙara shimfiɗa na USB na gani;na biyu, masu amfani ba za su iya zabar ma’aikaci cikin ’yanci ba, za su iya zaɓar sabis ɗin da ma’aikacin sadarwa ɗaya ne kawai ya bayar, kuma babu makawa ma’aikaci ɗaya ya riƙa sarrafa kansa. ingantacciyar kariya.Na uku, masu rarraba kayan aiki masu mahimmanci da aka sanya a cikin akwatin rarraba bene za su haifar da raguwar rarrabawa sosai, yana haifar da raguwa mai wuyar gaske, kulawa da kulawa.Yana da ma kusan yiwuwa;na hudu, ba zai yuwu a inganta amfani da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa da tashar jiragen ruwa ba, saboda a cikin ɗaukar nauyin PON guda ɗaya, mai amfani yana da wuya a cimma 100%.
Haƙiƙanin shimfidar hanyar sadarwar gani na gani (PON) a cikin wurin zama: OLT da Splitter duk an sanya su a cikin ɗakin kwamfuta na wurin zama.Abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan kyakkyawan tsari shine: ƙananan igiyoyin fiber optic kawai ake buƙata daga ɗakin kwamfuta na tsakiya zuwa wurin zama, kuma albarkatun kebul na gani na iya biyan bukatun;Layukan shiga na gaba dayan wurin zama an haɗa su a cikin ɗakin kwamfuta na wurin zama, wanda ke ba masu amfani damar zaɓar ma'aikatan sadarwa daban-daban.Ga masu gudanar da tarho, hanyar sadarwar tana da sauƙin rarrabawa, kulawa da sarrafawa;saboda na'urorin shiga da faci suna cikin ɗakin tantanin halitta ɗaya, babu shakka zai inganta amfani da na'urorin ta tashar jiragen ruwa sosai, kuma za a iya faɗaɗa kayan aikin a hankali gwargwadon karuwar masu amfani da hanyar..Duk da haka, wannan tsari na zahiri yana da nakasu a bayyane: Na farko, tsarin hanyar sadarwa na watsar da PON shine babbar fa'ida ta hanyoyin sadarwa mara amfani, kuma ɗakin tsakiyar kwamfuta zuwa cibiyar sadarwar mai amfani har yanzu cibiyar sadarwa ce mai aiki;Na biyu, baya ajiye albarkatun fiber optic na USB saboda PON;, Kayan aikin PON yana da tsada mai tsada da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai rikitarwa.
A taƙaice, PON yana da ɓangarori guda biyu masu cin karo da juna a cikin aikace-aikacen FTTH na wuraren zama: Dangane da ingantaccen tsarin cibiyar sadarwa da tsarin PON, tabbas zai iya ba da wasa ga fa'idodinsa na asali: gabaɗayan hanyar sadarwa daga ɗakin kwamfuta ta tsakiya zuwa mai amfani shine m cibiyar sadarwa, wanda ceton da yawa tsakiyar kwamfuta dakin Ga mai amfani ta fiber optic na USB albarkatun, lamba da sikelin kayan aiki a tsakiyar kwamfuta dakin an sauƙaƙa;duk da haka, yana kawo kusan gazawar da ba za a yarda da shi ba: ana buƙatar babban haɓakar shimfida layin kebul na fiber optic;nodes na rarraba suna warwatse, kuma rarraba lamba, kulawa da kulawa suna da matukar wahala;Masu amfani ba za su iya zabar da yardar kaina Masu aiki ba su dace da gasar masu gudanar da ayyuka da yawa ba, kuma ba za a iya tabbatar da buƙatun masu amfani yadda ya kamata ba;yin amfani da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa da mashigai na shiga ba su da yawa.Idan an karɓi ingantaccen tsarin hanyar sadarwa na gani na gani (PON) a cikin kwata na mazaunin, albarkatun kebul na gani da ke akwai na iya biyan buƙatu.Dakin kwamfuta na al'umma yana da waya iri ɗaya, wanda ke da sauƙin rarrabawa, kulawa da sarrafa lambobi.Masu amfani za su iya zaɓar mai aiki da yardar rai, wanda ke inganta amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa da kayan aiki, amma a lokaci guda ya watsar da manyan fa'idodin PON guda biyu a matsayin hanyar sadarwa mara amfani da adana albarkatun kebul na fiber optic.A halin yanzu, dole ne kuma ta jure rashin lahani na tsadar kayan aikin PON da kuma tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai rikitarwa.
2) Zaɓin fasahar samun damar FTTH don al'ummomin zama a cikin ƙasata-Point-to-point (P2P) fasahar samun damar hanyar sadarwa don Active Optical Network (AON) a cikin wuraren zama
Babu shakka, fa'idodin PON suna ɓacewa a cikin manyan wuraren zama.Kamar yadda fasahar PON na yanzu ba ta girma sosai kuma farashin kayan aiki ya kasance mai girma, mun yi imanin cewa ya fi kimiyya da yuwuwar zaɓar fasahar AON don samun damar FTTH, saboda:
-Ana gina dakunan kwamfuta gabaɗaya a cikin al'umma;
-Fasahar P2P ta AON ta balaga kuma ba ta da tsada.Yana iya samar da bandwidth na 100M ko 1G cikin sauƙi kuma ya gane hanyar haɗin kai tare da cibiyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta na yanzu;
-Babu buƙatar ƙara shimfidar igiyoyi na gani daga ɗakin injin na tsakiya zuwa wurin zama;
- Tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai sauƙi, ƙarancin gini da aiki da farashin kulawa;
-Matsakaicin wayoyi a cikin dakin kwamfuta na al'umma, mai sauƙin sanya lambobi, kulawa da sarrafawa;
-Ba da damar masu amfani su zaɓi masu aiki da yardar kaina, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga gasa na masu aiki da yawa, kuma ana iya kare bukatun masu amfani da kyau ta hanyar gasa;
——Kudirin amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa na kayan aiki yana da yawa sosai, kuma ana iya faɗaɗa ƙarfin a hankali gwargwadon karuwar yawan masu amfani.
Tsarin hanyar sadarwa na FTTH na yau da kullun na AON.Ana amfani da kebul na fiber optic mai ƙarancin core da ake da shi daga tsakiyar ɗakin komfuta na ma'aikacin sadarwa zuwa ɗakin kwamfutocin al'umma.Ana sanya tsarin sauyawa a cikin ɗakin kwamfutoci na al'umma, kuma yanayin sadarwar batu-zuwa-point (P2P) ana ɗaukarsa daga ɗakin kwamfutar al'umma zuwa tashar mai amfani.Kayan aiki masu shigowa da faci ana sanya su iri ɗaya a cikin ɗakin kwamfutar jama'a, kuma gabaɗayan hanyar sadarwa ta ɗauki ka'idar Ethernet tare da balagaggen fasaha da ƙarancin farashi.Cibiyar sadarwa ta FTTH ta AON a halin yanzu ita ce fasahar shiga FTTH da aka saba amfani da ita a Japan da Amurka.Daga cikin masu amfani da FTTH miliyan 5 na yanzu a cikin duniya, fiye da 95% suna amfani da fasahar P2P mai canza aiki.Fitattun fa'idodinsa sune:
- Babban bandwidth: mai sauƙin gane bargawar hanyar sadarwa ta 100M biyu;
-Yana iya tallafawa damar yin amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na Intanet, damar CATV da samun damar tarho, da kuma fahimtar haɗin kai na cibiyoyin sadarwa guda uku a cikin hanyar sadarwa;
- Tallafa wa sabon kasuwancin da ake iya gani a nan gaba: wayar bidiyo, VOD, cinema na dijital, ofis mai nisa, nunin kan layi, ilimin TV, jiyya na nesa, adana bayanai da madadin, da sauransu;
- Tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai sauƙi, fasahar balagagge da ƙananan farashi;
- Dakin kwamfuta ne kawai a cikin al'umma shine kumburi mai aiki.Tsaya wayoyi na ɗakin kwamfuta don rage farashin kulawa da inganta amfani da tashoshin kayan aiki;
-Ba wa masu amfani damar zabar masu aiki da yardar rai, wanda zai taimaka ga gasa tsakanin masu gudanar da tarho;
-Tare da adana albarkatun fiber optic daga tsakiyar ɗakin kwamfuta zuwa ga al'umma, kuma babu buƙatar ƙara shimfiɗa igiyoyin fiber optic daga ɗakin tsakiya zuwa ga al'umma.
Mun yi imanin cewa ya fi kimiyya da yuwuwar zaɓar fasahar AON don samun damar FTTH, saboda rashin tabbas a cikin haɓaka ƙa'idodin PON da fasaha:
-Misali ya bayyana, tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in EPON da GPON) sun bayyana (EPON & GPON).
- Abubuwan da suka dace suna buƙatar shekaru 3-5 na daidaitawa da balaga.Zai yi wuya a yi gasa tare da na'urorin P2P na Ethernet na yanzu dangane da farashi da shahara a cikin shekaru 3-5 masu zuwa.
-PON optoelectronic na'urorin suna da tsada: babban iko, babban fashe watsawa da liyafar;na'urorin optoelectronic na yanzu sun yi nisa da iya biyan buƙatun samar da tsarin PON mai rahusa.
-A halin yanzu, matsakaicin farashin siyar da kayan aikin EPON na waje shine dalar Amurka 1,000-1,500.
3. Kula da haɗarin fasahar FTTH kuma ku guji neman tallafi a makance don samun cikakken sabis
Yawancin masu amfani suna buƙatar FTTH don tallafawa duk sabis, kuma a lokaci guda suna tallafawa hanyar shiga Intanet ta hanyar sadarwa, damar tashar talabijin ta USB (CATV) da kuma tsayayyen damar tarho na gargajiya, wato, damar yin wasa sau uku, da fatan cimma fasahar shiga FTTH a mataki ɗaya.Mun yi imanin cewa yana da kyau a sami damar tallafawa hanyar sadarwar Intanet, iyakantaccen tashar talabijin (CATV) da samun damar wayar tarho na yau da kullun, amma a zahiri akwai manyan kasada na fasaha.
A halin yanzu, a cikin masu amfani da FTTH miliyan 5 a duniya, fiye da kashi 97% na hanyoyin sadarwar FTTH suna ba da sabis na hanyoyin sadarwa na Intanet kawai, saboda farashin FTTH don samar da tsayayyen wayar tarho na gargajiya ya fi tsadar fasahar wayar da ake da ita. da kuma amfani da fiber na gani don watsa tsayayyen gargajiya Wayar kuma tana da matsalar samar da wutar lantarki.Kodayake AON, EPON da GPON duk suna goyan bayan damar yin wasa sau uku.Koyaya, an ƙaddamar da ƙa'idodin EPON da GPON, kuma zai ɗauki lokaci kafin fasahar ta girma.Gasar da ke tsakanin EPON da GPON da kuma inganta wadannan ka'idoji guda biyu a nan gaba ba shi da tabbas, kuma tsarin sa na sadarwa mai ma'ana mai ma'ana da yawa bai dace da girman kasar Sin ba.Aikace-aikacen yankin wurin zama.Bugu da ƙari, na'urori masu alaƙa da EPON da GPON suna buƙatar aƙalla shekaru 5 na daidaitawa da balaga.A cikin shekaru 5 masu zuwa, zai yi wuya a yi gasa tare da na'urorin Ethernet P2P na yanzu dangane da farashi da shahara.A halin yanzu, na'urorin lantarki na opto sun yi nisa da samun damar biyan ƙananan buƙatun samarwa.Farashin tsarin PON.Ana iya ganin makauniyar bin hanyar samun cikakken sabis na FTTH ta amfani da EPON ko GPON a wannan matakin ba makawa zai kawo babbar illar fasaha.
A kan hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa, yanayi ne da ba makawa don fiber na gani don maye gurbin igiyoyin jan ƙarfe daban-daban.Koyaya, fiber na gani zai maye gurbin igiyoyin jan ƙarfe gaba ɗaya cikin dare.Ba gaskiya ba ne kuma ba za a iya misaltuwa ba don samun damar duk sabis ta hanyar fiber na gani.Duk wani ci gaban fasaha da aikace-aikacen suna sannu a hankali, kuma FTTH ba banda ba.Sabili da haka, a farkon haɓakawa da haɓaka FTTH, haɗin gwiwar fiber na gani da kebul na jan ƙarfe ba makawa.Haɗin haɗin fiber na gani da kebul na jan ƙarfe na iya ba wa masu amfani da ma'aikatan sadarwa damar guje wa haɗarin fasaha na FTTH yadda ya kamata.Da farko dai, ana iya amfani da fasahar samun damar AON a farkon matakin don cimma nasarar samun damar watsa shirye-shiryen FTTH a farashi mai rahusa, yayin da CATV da tsayayyen wayoyi na gargajiya har yanzu suna amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa da karkatacciyar hanya.Don ƙauyuka, ana iya samun damar CATV a lokaci guda ta hanyar fiber na gani a farashi mai sauƙi.Na biyu, akwai shingen masana'antu wajen samar da ayyukan sadarwa a kasar Sin.Ba a ba wa masu aikin sadarwa damar gudanar da ayyukan CATV ba.Akasin haka, ba a ba wa masu aikin CATV damar gudanar da ayyukan sadarwar gargajiya (kamar tarho), kuma wannan yanayin zai daɗe sosai a nan gaba.Ba za a iya canza lokacin ba, don haka ma'aikaci ɗaya ba zai iya ba da sabis na wasa sau uku akan hanyar sadarwar FTTH;sake, tun da rayuwar na gani igiyoyi na iya kai shekaru 40, yayin da jan karfe igiyoyi ne kullum shekaru 10, a lokacin da jan karfe igiyoyi ne saboda rayuwa Lokacin da sadarwa ingancin ki, babu bukatar sa wani igiyoyi.Kuna buƙatar haɓaka kayan aikin fiber optic kawai don samar da sabis ɗin da kebul na jan ƙarfe na asali ke bayarwa.A gaskiya ma, muddin fasaha ya balaga kuma farashin yana da karɓa, za ku iya haɓakawa a kowane lokaci.Kayan aikin fiber na gani, lokaci-lokaci jin daɗin dacewa da babban bandwidth da sabuwar fasahar FTTH ta kawo.
Don taƙaitawa, zaɓi na yanzu na fiber na gani da haɗin kebul na jan ƙarfe, ta amfani da AON's FiberP2P FTTH don samun damar shiga yanar gizo, CATV da tsayayyen wayoyin tarho na gargajiya har yanzu suna amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa da murɗaɗɗen hanya, wanda zai iya guje wa haɗarin fasahar FTTH daidai. lokaci, jin daɗin dacewa da babban bandwidth wanda sabuwar fasahar samun damar FTTH ta kawo da wuri-wuri.Lokacin da fasaha ya balaga kuma farashin yana karɓa, kuma an kawar da shingen masana'antu, ana iya haɓaka kayan aikin fiber optic a kowane lokaci don gane FTTH cikakken damar sabis.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-10-2021