A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fiber zuwa gida (FTTH) ya fara daraja ta kamfanonin sadarwa a duniya, kuma fasahar ba da damar samun ci gaba cikin sauri.Akwai mahimman nau'ikan tsarin guda biyu don haɗin yanar gizo na FTTH.Waɗannan su ne Active Optical Network (AON) da Passive Optical Network (PON).Ya zuwa yanzu, yawancin tura FTTH a cikin tsarawa da turawa sun yi amfani da PON don adana farashin fiber.A baya-bayan nan PON ya ja hankalin jama'a saboda karancin farashi da yawan aiki.A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gabatar da ABC na PON, wanda ya ƙunshi ainihin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da fasaha masu alaƙa na OLT, ONT, ONU da ODN.
Da farko, ya zama dole a ɗan gabatar da PON.Ya bambanta da AON, abokan ciniki da yawa suna haɗa su zuwa transceiver guda ɗaya ta hanyar bishiyar reshe na fiber optic da m splitter / combiner units, wanda ke aiki gaba ɗaya a cikin yanki na gani, kuma babu wutar lantarki a cikin PON.A halin yanzu akwai manyan ma'aunin PON guda biyu: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) da Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON).Duk da haka, ko da wane nau'in PON, duk suna da asali iri ɗaya.Tsarin sa yawanci yana ƙunshi tashar tashar tashar gani (OLT) a cikin babban ofishin mai bada sabis da yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwar gani (ONU) ko tashoshi na cibiyar sadarwa (ONT) kusa da mai amfani na ƙarshe azaman masu raba gani.
Tashar Layin gani (OLT)
OLT ya haɗa kayan aiki na L2 / L3 a cikin tsarin G / EPON.Gabaɗaya, kayan aikin OLT sun haɗa da rack, CSM (control and switching module), ELM (EPON mahada module, katin PON), kariya mai yawa -48V DC ikon samar da wutar lantarki ko 110/220V AC samar da wutar lantarki module da fan.A cikin waɗannan sassan, katin PON da wutar lantarki suna tallafawa musayar zafi, yayin da aka gina wasu kayayyaki a ciki. Babban aikin OLT shine sarrafa hanyar watsa bayanai ta hanyoyi biyu akan ODN da ke cikin ofishin tsakiya.Matsakaicin nisa da ke goyan bayan watsa ODN shine kilomita 20.OLT yana da kwatance guda biyu masu iyo: sama (samun nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban da zirga-zirgar murya daga masu amfani) da ƙasa (samun bayanai, zirga-zirgar murya da bidiyo daga hanyoyin sadarwa na metro ko nesa, da aika shi zuwa duk ONTs akan Module na cibiyar sadarwa) ODN.
Sashin hanyar sadarwa na gani (ONU)
ONU tana jujjuya siginar gani da ake watsa ta filayen gani zuwa siginar lantarki.Ana aika waɗannan sigina na lantarki zuwa kowane mai amfani.Yawancin lokaci, akwai tazara ko wata hanyar sadarwa tsakanin ONU da gidan mai amfani na ƙarshe.Bugu da ƙari, ONU na iya aikawa, tarawa da tsara nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban daga abokan ciniki, da aika shi zuwa sama zuwa OLT.Tsara shine tsari na ingantawa da sake tsara tsarin bayanan, don haka ana iya isar da shi cikin inganci.OLT yana goyan bayan rarraba bandwidth, wanda ke ba da damar canja wurin bayanai cikin sauƙi zuwa OLT, wanda yawanci lamari ne kwatsam daga abokin ciniki.Ana iya haɗa ONU ta hanyoyi daban-daban da nau'ikan kebul, kamar murɗaɗɗen waya ta jan karfe, kebul na coaxial, fiber na gani ko Wi-Fi.
Tashar hanyar sadarwa ta gani (ONT)
A zahiri, ONT daidai yake da ONU.ONT kalma ce ta ITU-T, kuma ONU kalma ce ta IEEE.Dukansu suna nufin kayan aikin mai amfani a cikin tsarin GEPON.Amma a zahiri, bisa ga wurin ONT da ONU, akwai wasu bambance-bambance a tsakanin su.ONT yawanci yana a wurin abokin ciniki.
Cibiyar Rarraba Na gani (ODN)
ODN wani bangare ne mai mahimmanci na tsarin PON, wanda ke ba da matsakaicin watsawa na gani don haɗin jiki tsakanin ONU da OLT.Matsakaicin iyaka shine kilomita 20 ko fiye.A cikin ODN, igiyoyi na gani, masu haɗin gani, masu raba gani na gani da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa suna aiki tare da juna.ODN musamman yana da sassa biyar, waɗanda sune fiber feeder, wurin rarraba gani, fiber rarraba, wurin samun damar gani da fiber mai shigowa.Fiber mai ciyarwa yana farawa daga firam ɗin rarraba gani (ODF) a cikin ɗakin sadarwa na ofishin tsakiya (CO) kuma ya ƙare a wurin rarraba haske don ɗaukar nesa mai nisa.Fiber ɗin rarrabawa daga wurin rarrabawar gani zuwa wurin samun damar gani yana rarraba fiber na gani zuwa yankin kusa da shi.Gabatarwar fiber na gani yana haɗa wurin samun damar gani zuwa tashar (ONT) ta yadda fiber na gani ya shiga gidan mai amfani.Bugu da ƙari, ODN hanya ce mai mahimmanci don watsa bayanan PON, kuma ingancinsa yana tasiri kai tsaye ga aiki, aminci da haɓakar tsarin PON.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-31-2021