Hanyar amfani da haske don watsa bayanai ana iya cewa tana da dogon tarihi.
Gidan "Beacon Tower" na zamani ya ba wa mutane damar samun sauƙi na watsa bayanai ta hanyar haske.Koyaya, wannan tsohuwar hanyar sadarwa ta gani tana da ɗan baya baya, iyakance ta hanyar watsa nisa da ido tsirara, kuma amincin ba shi da yawa.Tare da ci gaban buƙatun watsa bayanan zamantakewa, an ƙara haɓaka haifuwar sadarwar gani ta zamani.
Fara fasahar sadarwa ta zamani
A cikin 1800, Alexander Graham Bell ya ƙirƙira "wayar tarho".
A cikin 1966, Gao Kun na Burtaniya da Sinawa ya ba da shawarar ka'idar watsa fiber na gani, amma a lokacin asarar fiber na gani ya kai 1000dB/km.
A cikin 1970, bincike da haɓaka fiber ma'adini da fasahar laser semiconductor sun rage asarar fiber zuwa 20dB / km, kuma ƙarfin laser yana da girma, amincin yana da ƙarfi.
A cikin 1976, ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar fiber na gani ya rage asarar da 0.47dB/km, wanda ke nufin cewa an warware asarar hanyar watsawa, wanda ya haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar fasahar watsawa ta gani.
Bincika tarihin ci gaban sadarwar watsawa
Cibiyar sadarwa ta watsa shirye-shirye ta shafe fiye da shekaru arba'in.A taƙaice, ya ɗanɗana PDH, SDH/MSTP,
Haɓaka fasaha da haɓakar tsararraki na WDM/OTN da PeOTN.
Ƙarni na farko na cibiyoyin sadarwa masu waya don samar da sabis na murya an karɓi fasahar PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy).
Ƙarni na biyu yana ba da sabis na shiga yanar gizo da kuma sadaukar da layi na TDM, ta amfani da fasahar SD (Madaidaicin Dijital na Daidaitawa)/MSTP (Platform Transport Platform) (Multi-Service Transport Platform).
Ƙarni na uku sun fara tallafawa haɗin kai na ayyukan bidiyo da cibiyoyin bayanai, ta amfani da fasahar WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Wavelength Division Multiplexing) / OTN (Optical Transmission Network, Optical Transmission Network).
Ƙarni na huɗu yana ba da tabbacin babban ma'anar bidiyo na 4K da ƙwarewar layin sirri mai inganci, ta amfani da fasahar PeOTN (Packet inganta OTN, fakitin haɓaka OTN).
A farkon matakin ci gaba na ƙarni biyu na farko, don sabis na murya, damar Intanet ta yanar gizo da sabis na layin masu zaman kansu na TDM, wanda SDH/MSTP ke wakilta fasahar tsarin dijital na daidaitawa, yana goyan bayan musaya da yawa kamar Ethernet, ATM/IMA, da sauransu, kuma na iya haɗa CBR/VBR daban-daban.Ƙirƙirar ayyuka a cikin firam ɗin SDH, keɓe manyan bututu na zahiri, da mai da hankali kan sabis ɗin ƙananan sauri da ƙarami.
Bayan shigar da matakin ci gaba na ƙarni na uku, tare da saurin haɓaka ƙarfin sabis na sadarwa, musamman ayyukan haɗin gwiwar bidiyo da cibiyar bayanai, an haɓaka bandwidth na cibiyar sadarwa.Fasahar Layer na gani wanda fasahar WDM ke wakilta yana ba da damar fiber ɗaya ya ɗauki ƙarin ayyuka.Musamman, fasahar DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) an yi amfani da ita sosai a cikin manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na watsa shirye-shiryen gida, gaba daya warware matsalar watsawa.Batun nisa da ƙarfin bandwidth.Duban sikelin ginin cibiyar sadarwa, 80x100G ya zama babban al'ada akan layin gangar jikin mai nisa, kuma cibiyoyin sadarwar gida na 80x200G da cibiyoyin sadarwa na yanki sun haɓaka cikin sauri.
Don ɗaukar haɗe-haɗen ayyuka kamar bidiyo da layukan sadaukarwa, hanyar sadarwar sufuri da ke ƙasa tana buƙatar ƙarin sassauci da hankali.Don haka, fasahar OTN tana fitowa a hankali.OTN sabon tsarin fasahar watsawa na gani ne wanda ITU-T G.872, G.798, G.709 da sauran ka'idoji suka ayyana.Ya haɗa da cikakken tsarin tsarin ƙirar gani da Layer na lantarki, kuma yana da cibiyoyin sadarwa masu dacewa ga kowane Layer.Tsarin kulawa da tsarin kula da hanyar sadarwa.Yin la'akari da yanayin ginin cibiyar sadarwa na cikin gida na yanzu, OTN ya zama ma'auni na hanyoyin sadarwa na watsa shirye-shirye, musamman wajen gina hanyoyin sadarwar gida na masu aiki da cibiyoyin sadarwa na yankin birni.Fasahar OTN bisa tushen giciye Layer na lantarki an karɓi asali, kuma ana amfani da gine-ginen layin reshe., Don cimma nasarar ƙaddamar da gefen cibiyar sadarwa da gefen layi, yana inganta haɓakar haɗin gwiwar sadarwa da kuma damar da sauri budewa da ƙaddamar da ayyuka.
Canjin hanyar sadarwar mai ɗaukar nauyin kasuwanci
Ci gaba da haɓaka sauye-sauye na dijital a duk fannoni na tattalin arzikin zamantakewa ya haifar da ci gaban daidaitaccen ci gaban masana'antar ICT gaba ɗaya da tattalin arzikin dijital, kuma ya haɓaka da haifar da manyan canje-canje a cikin masana'antar.Tare da kwararar ɗimbin sabbin masana'antu a masana'antu a tsaye, ana sake gina masana'antu na gargajiya da samfuran aiki da na kasuwanci a koyaushe, waɗanda suka haɗa da: kuɗi, harkokin gwamnati, kula da lafiya, ilimi, masana'antu da sauran fannoni.Fuskantar karuwar buƙatun haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci mai inganci da bambanta, fasahar PeOTN a hankali ta fara amfani da ita sosai.
L0 da L1 yadudduka suna ba da ƙaƙƙarfan bututun "hard" wanda ke wakilta ta tsawon zangon λ da tashar tashar ODUk.Babban bandwidth da ƙarancin jinkiri shine babban fa'idodinsa.
L2 Layer na iya samar da bututu mai laushi "mai laushi".bandwidth na bututu ya cika daidai da sabis kuma yana canzawa tare da canjin zirga-zirgar sabis.Sassauci da buƙatu shine babban fa'idodinsa.
Haɗa fa'idodin SDH/MSTP/MPLS-TP don ɗaukar ƙananan ayyuka, samar da mafitacin hanyar sadarwar sufuri na L0 + L1 + L2, gina dandamalin jigilar sabis da yawa na PeOTN, ƙirƙirar ingantaccen ɗaukar nauyi tare da damar da yawa a cikin hanyar sadarwa ɗaya.A cikin 2009, ITU-T ta faɗaɗa ikon watsawa na OTN don tallafawa ayyuka daban-daban kuma a hukumance sun haɗa PeOTN cikin ma'auni.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu aiki a duniya sun yi ƙoƙari a cikin kasuwannin layi na gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.Manyan ma'aikatan cikin gida guda uku suna haɓaka ginin cibiyar sadarwa na gwamnati da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na OTN.Kamfanonin larduna kuma sun zuba jari mai yawa.Ya zuwa yanzu, fiye da ma'aikatan lardi 30 sun bude OTN.Babban hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kanta, kuma an fitar da samfuran layin masu zaman kansu masu ƙima dangane da PeOTN, don haɓaka hanyar sadarwar jigilar kayayyaki daga “cibiyar hanyar sadarwa ta asali” zuwa “cibiyar sadarwar kasuwanci.”
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-04-2021